Kong Koan

A kong koan (Chinese: 公館; pinyin: gōngguǎn; Dutch: Chinezen Raad; Indonesian: Raad Tjina) or "chinese council", was a high government body in the major capitals of the Dutch East Indies, consisting of all incumbent Chinese officers in those cities.[1][2][3][4] It acted as both a judicial and executive authority and constituted part of the Dutch colonial system of indirect rule.[1]

The rechtszitting, or official seat or building, housing the kong koan was called a kong tong (公堂; gōngtáng; literally "tribunal" or "law court").[1][3]

  1. ^ a b c Blussé, Leonard; Chen, Menghong (2003). The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia. Amsterdam: BRILL. ISBN 9789004131576.
  2. ^ Kuah-Pearce, Khun Eng; Du-Dehart, Evelyn (2006). Voluntary Organizations in the Chinese Diaspora: Illusions of Open Space in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789622097766.
  3. ^ a b Chen, Menghong (2011). De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843–1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789087281335.
  4. ^ Blussé, Leonard; Nie, Dening (2018). The Chinese Annals of Batavia, the Kai Ba Lidai Shiji and Other Stories (1610–1795). Amsterdam: BRILL. ISBN 9789004356702.