Kuiper is a Dutch surname.
Kuiper may also refer to a number of items named after the Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper:
- Kuiper (lunar crater), located in the Mare Cognitum
- Kuiper (Martian crater), an impact crater in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars
- Kuiper (Mercurian crater), moderate sized, very young crater on Mercury
- Kuiper Airborne Observatory, NASA research facility for infrared astronomy
- Kuiper belt, an area of the solar system extending past the orbit of Neptune
- Pluto Kuiper Express, a proposed NASA mission replaced by New Horizons
- Project Kuiper, a planned satellite internet constellation by Amazon
- 1776 Kuiper, an asteroid