Kurs (docking navigation system)

Kurs (Russian: Курс, lit. 'Course') is an automated system for docking spacecraft used by the Soviet and later the Russian space program. The system is primarily used by Progress cargo spacecraft, Soyuz spacecraft and to dock new modules to the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station. The radio-based control system was developed by the Research Institute of Precision Instruments in Moscow before 1985^[1]^[2] and initially manufactured by the Kiev Radio Factory.^[3] Kurs is now manufactured in Russia.

^ NII TP history (in Russian) Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Space Measuring Docking Systems". History. Research Institute of Precision Instruments (NII TP). Archived from the original on 24 April 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. The first automated docking of "Mir" orbital station with "Soyuz TM1" spacecraft was implemented on May 23, 1986 by means of the "Kurs" equipment. [..] "Kurs-ММ" docking system for short-range spacecraft has been designed for the upgraded spacecraft under the ISS program [..] "Kurs-M" radio-electronic system for "Kurs-ATV", for monitoring of rendezvous and docking ATV- spacecraft (European Space Agency) with the ISS on range and radial velocity
^ "The First Serially Produced Onboard Computer". The European Virtual Computer Museum. The History of Development of Computer Science and Technologies in Ukraine. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. The production association Kiev Radio Factory aimed its further development toward the production of equipment for space exploration. In 1966 it started the production of a unique onboard complex named Igla for search, mutual orientation, approach and "docking" of "space" vehicles. [..] In 1985 the Igla was succeeded by the Kurs, a more advanced and reliable system, which is working now on the Mir Soyuz Progress complex.

[1] NII TP history (in Russian) Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[2] "Space Measuring Docking Systems". History. Research Institute of Precision Instruments (NII TP). Archived from the original on 24 April 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. The first automated docking of "Mir" orbital station with "Soyuz TM1" spacecraft was implemented on May 23, 1986 by means of the "Kurs" equipment. [..] "Kurs-ММ" docking system for short-range spacecraft has been designed for the upgraded spacecraft under the ISS program [..] "Kurs-M" radio-electronic system for "Kurs-ATV", for monitoring of rendezvous and docking ATV- spacecraft (European Space Agency) with the ISS on range and radial velocity

[3] "The First Serially Produced Onboard Computer". The European Virtual Computer Museum. The History of Development of Computer Science and Technologies in Ukraine. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. The production association Kiev Radio Factory aimed its further development toward the production of equipment for space exploration. In 1966 it started the production of a unique onboard complex named Igla for search, mutual orientation, approach and "docking" of "space" vehicles. [..] In 1985 the Igla was succeeded by the Kurs, a more advanced and reliable system, which is working now on the Mir Soyuz Progress complex.

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