LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado

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LNER Class A1 Peppercorn 60163 Tornado
Tornado on the East Coast Main Line in 2016
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Arthur Peppercorn (original designer) Builder A1 Steam Locomotive Trust Build date 1994–2008 Website www.a1steam.com
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-2 Leading dia. 3 ft 2 in (0.965 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 8 in (2.032 m) Trailing dia. 3 ft 8 in (1.118 m) Length 72 ft 11.75 in (22.24 m) Width 9 ft 2.875 in (2.82 m) Height 13 ft (3.96 m) Axle load 22.1 long tons (22.5 t; 24.8 short tons) Adhesive weight 66.55 long tons (67.62 t; 74.54 short tons) Loco weight 105.2 long tons (106.9 t; 117.8 short tons)[1] Tender weight 60.9 long tons (61.9 t; 68.2 short tons) Total weight 166.1 long tons (168.8 t; 186.0 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 7.5 long tons (7.6 t) Water cap. 6,000 imp gal (27,000 L) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 50.0 sq ft (4.65 m2) Boiler Diagram 118 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) diameter 29 ft 2 in (8.89 m) length Boiler pressure 250 psi (1,700 kPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 245.3 sq ft (22.79 m2)  • Tubes 1,211.6 sq ft (112.56 m2)  • Flues 1,004.5 sq ft (93.32 m2)  • Total surface 2,461.4 sq ft (228.67 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 697.7 sq ft (64.82 m2) Cylinders 3 Cylinder size 19 in × 26 in (480 mm × 660 mm)
Performance figures Power output 2,700 metric horsepower (2,000 kW; 2,700 hp) Tractive effort 37,400 lbf (166,000 N)
Career Numbers 60163 (display) 98863 (TOPS) Official name Tornado Axle load class Route availability 9 First run 29 July 2008 Disposition Operational. Approved for running on Network Rail track.

LNER Peppercorn Class A1 No. 60163 Tornado is a 4-6-2 steam locomotive completed in 2008 to an original design by Arthur Peppercorn. It is the first new build British mainline steam locomotive since 1960, and the only Peppercorn Class A1 in existence after the original batch were scrapped. In 2017, Tornado became the first steam locomotive to officially reach 100 mph (160 km/h) on British tracks in over 50 years.

After the project was founded by the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust in 1990, construction of Tornado began in 1994 and mostly took place at Darlington Works, with other components manufactured elsewhere. The project was financed through fundraising initiatives, public donations, sponsorship deals, and hiring out Tornado itself for special services. The locomotive was granted its mainline certificate in January 2009, having been designed in compliance with modern safety and certification standards.

The locomotive worked on heritage and mainline trains across Britain between 2008 and 2022, when it was withdrawn for overhaul.^[2] It returned to operation in August 2024 following setbacks from overhaul.^[3]