Lacticaseibacillus paracasei

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Lactobacillaceae
Genus: Lacticaseibacillus
Species:
L. paracasei
Binomial name
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
(Collins et al. 1989) Zheng et al. 2020
Subspecies
  • Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei
  • Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans
Synonyms
  • Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al. 1989

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (commonly abbreviated as Lc. paracasei) is a gram-positive, homofermentative species of lactic acid bacteria that are commonly used in dairy product fermentation and as probiotic cultures. Lc. paracasei is a bacterium that operates by commensalism. It is commonly found in many human habitats such as human intestinal tracts and mouths as well as sewages, silages, and previously mentioned dairy products.[1] The name includes morphology, a rod-shaped (bacillus shape) bacterium with a width of 2.0 to 4.0μm and length of 0.8 to 1.0μm.

Strains of L. paracasei have been isolated from a variety of environments including dairy products, plants or plant fermentations, and from the human and animal gastrointestinal tracts.[2][3] A protracted refrigeration period before in vitro gastrointestinal transit (GIT) did not affect or influenced very weakly cell resistance.[4]

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is genotypically and phenotypically closely related from other members of the Lacticaseibacillus casei group which also includes Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus zeae[5] and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.[6] However, these species are readily differentiated from each other by Multi-Locus-Sequence-Typing, core genome phylogeny, or Average Nucleotide Identity.[5][3][7] Its fermentative properties allows it to be used as biological food processors and supplements for diets and medical disorders, especially in the gastrointestinal tract.[8]

Although probiotics are considered safe, they may cause bacteria-host interactions and adverse health consequences. In certain cases there is a risk of bacteremia when probiotics are used.[9][10] Currently, the probiotic strain, frequency, dose and duration of the probiotic therapies are not established.[9]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Probiotics 1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Smokvina, Tamara; Wels, Michiel; Polka, Justyna; Chervaux, Christian; Brisse, Sylvain; Boekhorst, Jos; Vlieg, Johan E. T. van Hylckama; Siezen, Roland J.; Highlander, Sarah K. (19 July 2013). "Lactobacillus paracasei Comparative Genomics: Towards Species Pan-Genome Definition and Exploitation of Diversity". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e68731. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868731S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068731. PMC 3716772. PMID 23894338.
  3. ^ a b Wuyts, Sander; Wittouck, Stijn; De Boeck, Ilke; Allonsius, Camille N.; Pasolli, Edoardo; Segata, Nicola; Lebeer, Sarah (2017). "Large-Scale Phylogenomics of the Lactobacillus casei Group Highlights Taxonomic Inconsistencies and Reveals Novel Clade-Associated Features". mSystems. 2 (4). doi:10.1128/msystems.00061-17. PMC 5566788. PMID 28845461.
  4. ^ José Fernandes Lemos Junior, Wilson; Fioravante Guerra, André; Tarrah, Armin; Silva Duarte, Vinícius da; Giacomini, Alessio; Luchese, Rosa Helena; Corich, Viviana (June 2020). "Safety and Stability of Two Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains After In Vitro Gastrointestinal Transit". Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 12 (2): 657–666. doi:10.1007/s12602-019-09565-2. ISSN 1867-1306. PMID 31214943. S2CID 195065468.
  5. ^ a b Huang, Chien-Hsun; Chen, Chih-Chieh; Liou, Jong-Shian; Lee, Ai-Yun; Blom, Jochen; Lin, Yu-Chun; Huang, Lina; Watanabe, KoichiYR 2020 (2020). "Genome-based reclassification of Lactobacillus casei: emended classification and description of the species Lactobacillus zeae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (6): 3755–3762. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003969. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 32421490.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Collins was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Zheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B.; Mattarelli, Paola; O’Toole, Paul W.; Pot, Bruno; Vandamme, Peter; Walter, Jens; Watanabe, Koichi (2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. hdl:10067/1738330151162165141. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 32293557. S2CID 215771564.
  8. ^ Felten, A; Barreau, C; Bizet, C; Lagrange, PH; Philippon, A (Mar 1999). "Lactobacillus species identification, H2O2 production, and antibiotic resistance and correlation with human clinical status". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 37 (3): 729–33. doi:10.1128/JCM.37.3.729-733.1999. PMC 84537. PMID 9986841.
  9. ^ a b Durchschein F, Petritsch W, Hammer HF (2016). "Diet therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: The established and the new". World J Gastroenterol (Review). 22 (7): 2179–94. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2179. PMC 4734995. PMID 26900283.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference DoronSnydman2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).