Lalleshwari

Lalleshwari
Born1320
Pandrethan (present-day Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Died1392
Kashmir
Other namesLalla, Lalleshwari, Lal Arifa
Known forVatsun poetry

Lalleshwari, (c. 1320–1392) also commonly known as Lal Ded (Kashmiri pronunciation: [laːl dʲad]), was a Kashmiri mystic of the Kashmir Shaivism school of Hindu philosophy.[1][2] She was the creator of the style of mystic poetry called vatsun or Vakhs, meaning "speech" (from Sanskrit vāc). Known as Lal Vakhs, her verses are among the early compositions in the Kashmiri language and are a part in the history of modern Kashmiri literature.[3][4]

Lalleshwari ("Mother Lal" or "Mother Lalla") is also known by various other names, including Lal Dyad (Dyad means "Grandmother"), Lalla Aarifa, Lal Diddi, Lalleshwari, Lalla Yogishwari/Yogeshwari and Lalishri.[5][6][7][8]

  1. ^ M. G. Chitkara (1 January 2002). Kashmir Shaivism: Under Siege. APH Publishing. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-81-7648-360-5.
  2. ^ Kaul, Shonaleeka (16 October 2020). "Remembering Lal Ded, the Kashmiri Yogini". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  3. ^ Lal Vakh online Archived 11 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Lal Ded's Vakhs
  5. ^ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  6. ^ Richard Carnac Temple (1 August 2003). Word of Lalla the Prophetess. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8119-9.
  7. ^ Lal Ded www.poetry-chaikhana.com.
  8. ^ Lal Ded Archived 19 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine www.radiokashmir.org.