Left Bloc Bloco de Esquerda | |
|---|---|
&sq=&lang=&file=File:LeftBloc.svg) | |
| Abbreviation | BE |
| Leader | Collective leadership |
| Coordinator of the Political Commission | Mariana Mortágua[1] |
| Founders | Francisco Louçã Luís Fazenda Miguel Portas Fernando Rosas |
| Founded | 28 February 1999 |
| Merger of | |
| Headquarters | Rua da Palma, 268 1100-394 Lisbon |
| Newspaper | Esquerda |
| Youth wing | Jovens do Bloco[2] |
| Membership (2009) | 6,830[3][needs update] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing[15] to far-left[16] |
| European affiliation | |
| European Parliament group | The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL[18] |
| International affiliation | Fourth International[19] |
| Colours | |
| Assembly of the Republic | 5 / 230 |
| European Parliament | 1 / 21 |
| Regional Parliaments | 1 / 104 |
| Local government (Mayors) | 0 / 308 |
| Local government (Parishes) | 0 / 3,066 |
| Election symbol | |
&sq=&lang=&file=File:Bloco_de_Esquerda_(S%C3%ADmbolo_Eleitoral).png) | |
| Party flag | |
&sq=&lang=&file=File:Flag_of_the_Left_Bloc.svg) | |
| Website | |
| www | |
The Left Bloc (Portuguese: Bloco de Esquerda, pronounced [ˈblɔku ðɨ ɨʃˈkeɾðɐ], BE),[20] colloquially shortened as O Bloco, is a left-wing populist and democratic socialist political party in Portugal founded in 1999. It is currently led by Mariana Mortágua.[21]
- ^ "Mariana Mortágua: De braço direito de Catarina Martins a líder do Bloco de Esquerda". 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ "Bloco de Esquerda - Resultados da VII Conferência de Jovens do Bloco de Esquerda". www.bloco.org.
- ^ "Bloco de Esquerda comemora décimo aniversário", Público (newspaper), 28 February 2009, retrieved 21 August 2013
- ^ March, Luke (December 2011). Radical left parties in Europe. Routledge. p. 1801. ISBN 9781136578977.
- ^ a b "Where is Portugal's Radical Left? – Global Politics". 11 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ [4][5]
- ^ Wall, Derek (2010), The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement, Pluto Press, p. 97
- ^ "Populism Report Q3 2018" (PDF). Foundation for European Progressive Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Portugal's bright outlook offers Europe some hope". Financial Times. 25 August 2019. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
The alliance between Mr Costa's Socialist Party (PS) and further left groups such as the anti-establishment Left Bloc was considered tenuous when it was forged in 2015.
- ^ [8][9]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ [11][12]
- ^ "Country profile – Portugal - Euroviews 2014". www.euroviews.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^
- "Risque pays du Portugal : Politique". Société Générale (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2019.
- "Portugal - Political Parties - Elections". perspective.usherbrooke.ca (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2019.
"Portugal : la coalition de droite conserve le pouvoir". perspective.usherbrooke.ca (in French). 26 October 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
Deux autres partis de " gauche " étaient en lice pour les élections. Premièrement, le Bloc de gauche, considéré par le journal The Guardian comme étant une version portugaise du parti politique grec anti-austérité Syriza, a récolté 10,2% des suffrages (8).
- "Portugal, Le paysage politique". BiblioMonde (in French). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
BE, le Bloc des gauches (Bloco da Esquerda) : formation regroupant l'extrême gauche portugaise depuis 1999. Influente dans les milieux intellectuels de la capitale, BE a obtenu 2,7% des voix et 3 députés en mars 2002 (soit un siège de plus qu'en 1999). BE comprend notamment l'Union démocratique populaire (União Democràtica Popular), le Parti socialiste révolutionnaire (Partido Socialista Revolucionario ) et Politica XXI.
. - "When the Socialists came to power in 2015, they won the parliamentary support of two left wing parties, the Left Bloc and the Communists". Reuters. 31 July 2019.
- "Risque pays du Portugal : Politique". Société Générale (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2019.
- ^
- "Left Bloc (BE)". The Democratic Society. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
The Left Bloc is the more socially libertarian, and bohemian of Portugal's two far-left structures.
- Cunha, Carlos (2008). "Few but Pure and Good Members are Preferred to a Mass Party – The Portuguese Communist Party's Continued Orthodoxy". Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Hannah Arendt Institute Research on Totalitarianism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3525369128. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
- "As Europe left struggles, Portugal's alliance wins over voters and Brussels". reuters.com. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
The unlikely alliance of center-left Socialists and two far-left parties has overcome deep scepticism since it was formed in 2015, achieving stability and maintaining economic recovery at a time of political uncertainty across Europe.
- "Portugal PM says open to new alliance with far left". Euronews. 11 July 2019.
- "Left Bloc (BE)". The Democratic Society. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- ^ "Erklärung der Konferenz der europäischen antikapitalistischen Linken". Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
- ^ "Bloco de Esquerda - GUE/NGL - Another Europe is possible". GUE/NGL. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ "Organizations | Fourth International". Fourth International. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "Composição dos Grupos Parlamentares/Partidos". www.parlamento.pt. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ "Silva, E.C. & Lameiras, M.. Breve história do Bloco de Esquerda. Público / 100Folhas. ISBN 9789895451517". Repositório UM. 2019. hdl:1822/63093. Retrieved 28 January 2022.