Leroy Hood

Leroy Hood
Leroy Hood, in 2011
Born (1938-10-10) October 10, 1938 (age 85)
Missoula, Montana, US
Alma materJohns Hopkins University
California Institute of Technology
Known forScientific instrumentation for DNA sequencing & synthesis, Systems biology, P4 medicine
SpouseValerie Logan[1]
Awards
Kyoto Prize (2002)
Lemelson–MIT Prize (2003)
Heinz Award in Technology, the Economy & Employment (2006)
Pittcon Heritage Award (2009)
Kistler Prize (2010)
National Medal of Science (2011)
IEEE Medal for Innovations in Healthcare Technology (2014)
IRI Medal (2019)
Scientific career
Fieldsbiotechnology, genomics
InstitutionsInstitute for Systems Biology, Caltech, University of Washington
ThesisImmunoglobulins: Structure, Genetics, and Evolution (1968)
Doctoral advisorWilliam J. Dreyer
Doctoral studentsMark M. Davis, Trey Ideker, Jared Roach
Websitehood-price.systemsbiology.org/bio/leroy-hood-md-phd/

Leroy "Lee" Edward Hood (born October 10, 1938) is an American biologist who has served on the faculties at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the University of Washington.[2] Hood has developed ground-breaking scientific instruments which made possible major advances in the biological sciences and the medical sciences. These include the first gas phase protein sequencer (1982), for determining the sequence of amino acids in a given protein;[3][4] a DNA synthesizer (1983), to synthesize short sections of DNA;[3][5] a peptide synthesizer (1984), to combine amino acids into longer peptides and short proteins;[4][6] the first automated DNA sequencer (1986), to identify the order of nucleotides in DNA;[2][7][8] ink-jet oligonucleotide technology for synthesizing DNA[9][10] and nanostring technology for analyzing single molecules of DNA and RNA.[11][12]

The protein sequencer, DNA synthesizer, peptide synthesizer, and DNA sequencer were commercialized through Applied Biosystems, Inc.[13]: 218  and the ink-jet technology was commercialized through Agilent Technologies.[9][10] The automated DNA sequencer was an enabling technology for the Human Genome Project.[7] The peptide synthesizer was used in the synthesis of the HIV protease by Stephen Kent and others, and the development of a protease inhibitor for AIDS treatment.[6][14][15]

Hood established the first cross-disciplinary biology department, the Department of Molecular Biotechnology (MBT), at the University of Washington in 1992,[16][8] and co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology in 2000.[11] Hood is credited with introducing the term "systems biology",[17] and advocates for "P4 medicine", medicine that is "predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory."[18][19] Scientific American counted him among the 10 most influential people in the field of biotechnology in 2015.[20]

Hood was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2007 for the invention and commercialization of key instruments, notably the automated DNA sequencer, that have enabled the biotechnology revolution.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference KyotoLecture2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b "Leroy Edward Hood". Kyoto Prize. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Weingart was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Vanderkam, Laura (June 16, 2008). "Any knowledge that might be useful: Leroy Hood". Scientific American. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Stephenson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Hood, Leroy (October 2002). "A Personal View of Molecular Technology and How It Has Changed Biology" (PDF). Journal of Proteome Research. 1 (5): 399–409. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.589.5336. doi:10.1021/pr020299f. PMID 12645911. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Hutchison was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference NAS2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IEEEAward was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Hamadeh, Hisham K.; Afshari, Cynthia A., eds. (2004). Toxicogenomics : principles and applications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-471-43417-7. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  11. ^ a b "Leroy Hood, MD, PhD". Institute for Systems Biology. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  12. ^ Moore, Charles (April 7, 2015). "MD Anderson and NanoString Technologies To Jointly Develop Multi-Omic Assays Simultaneously Profiling Gene and Protein Expression". Bio News Texas. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Haugen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Active HIV protease analog synthesized chemically". Chemical & Engineering News. 73 (9): 38. 27 February 1995. doi:10.1021/cen-v073n009.p038.
  15. ^ Schneider, Jens; Kent, Stephen B.H. (July 1988). "Enzymatic activity of a synthetic 99 residue protein corresponding to the putative HIV-1 protease" (PDF). Cell. 54 (3): 363–368. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90199-7. PMID 3293801. S2CID 46170353. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Gardiner was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rau was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kistler was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Carlson, Bob (2010). "P4 Medicine Could Transform Healthcare, but Payers and Physicians Are Not Yet Convinced". Biotechnology Healthcare. 7 (3): 7–8. PMC 2957728. PMID 22478823.
  20. ^ "The WorldView 100: Who are the most influential people in Biotech today?" (PDF). Scientific American WorldView: A Global Biotechnology Perspective. 2015. p. 5,10–11. Retrieved 2 June 2017.