Li Maozhen

Li Maozhen
李茂貞
Reign901[1] or May 12, 907[2][3][4] – 924
Born856[5]
DiedMay 17, 924[2][6] (Aged 67-68)
Full name
  • Family name:
    Originally Sòng (宋),
    later Tian (田), then (李) (changed ~886)
  • Given name:
    Originally Wéntōng (文通),
    later Yànbīn (彥賓), then Màozhēn (茂貞) (changed ~886)
Posthumous name
Zhōngjìng (忠敬) ("faithful and alert") (full)
DynastyQi

Li Maozhen (Chinese: 李茂貞; 856 – May 17, 924), born Song Wentong (宋文通), courtesy name Zhengchen (正臣), formally Prince Zhongjing of Qin (秦忠敬王), was the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi (901–924). He had become a powerful warlord during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, the penultimate emperor of the preceding Tang dynasty, with his power centered on his capital Fengxiang (鳳翔, in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), and at times had effective control of Emperor Zhaozong. However, his power gradually waned due to defeats at the hands of fellow warlords Wang Jian (who would later found Former Shu) and Zhu Quanzhong (who would later found Later Liang). After Zhu usurped the Tang throne and established Later Liang, Li Maozhen refused to submit and continued to use the Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Qi as well as maintain the Tang era name, but his territory became even more reduced due to wars with Former Shu and Later Liang. After Later Liang was conquered by Later Tang, whose Emperor Zhuangzong claimed to be a legitimate successor of Tang, Li Maozhen submitted as a subject and was created the Prince of Qin in 924. He died soon thereafter, and was succeeded as by his son Li Jiyan as the military governor (Jiedushi) of Fengxiang, but as Li Jiyan was not made the Prince of Qi or Qin at that point (although he would receive both of those titles later in his life), this was typically viewed as the end of Qi as an independent state.

  1. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 262.
  2. ^ a b Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.
  3. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 266.
  4. ^ The start of Li Maozhen's reign as the Prince of Qi depends on one's view of what constitutes "reigning." Li Maozhen was created the Prince of Qi by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang in 901, but the title was a Tang vassal title. In 907, Tang ended by virtue of Zhu Quanzhong's seizure of the throne from Emperor Zhaozong's son Emperor Ai, but Li Maozhen, along with several other Tang vassals, refused to recognize Zhu's Later Liang. Therefore, he could be regarded to be an independent ruler starting from that date.
  5. ^ History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 132.
  6. ^ Short Explanation of the Newly Discovered Tombstone of Li Maozhen, Tang's Prince of Qin Archived 2012-12-22 at archive.today.