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Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of progressive thought about Islamic understanding and practice.[1][2] Their work is sometimes characterized as "progressive Islam" (Arabic: الإسلام التقدمي al-Islām at-taqaddumī). Some scholars, such as Omid Safi, differentiate between "progressive Muslims" (post-colonial, anti-imperialist, and critical of modernity) versus "liberal advocates of Islam" (an older movement embracing modernity).[3] Liberal Islam originally emerged out of the Islamic revivalist movement of the 18th–19th centuries.[1] Liberal and progressive ideas within Islam are considered controversial by some traditional Muslims, who criticize liberal Muslims on the grounds of being too Western and/or rationalistic.[1][4]
The methodologies of liberal and progressive Islam rest on the re-interpretation of traditional Islamic sacred scriptures (the Quran) and other texts (the Hadith), a process called ijtihad.[1][5][page needed] This can vary from the slight to the most liberal, where only the meaning of the Quran is considered to be a revelation, with its expression in words seen as the work of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his particular time and context.
Liberal Muslims see themselves as returning to the principles of the early ummah and as promoting the ethical and pluralistic intent of the Quran.[1][6] The reform movement uses monotheism (tawhid) as "an organizing principle for human society and the basis of religious knowledge, history, metaphysics, aesthetics, and ethics, as well as social, economic and world order".[7]
Liberal Muslims affirm the promotion of progressive values such as democracy, gender equality, human rights, LGBT rights, women's rights, religious pluralism, interfaith marriage,[8][9] freedom of expression, freedom of thought, and freedom of religion;[1] opposition to theocracy and total rejection of Islamism and Islamic fundamentalism;[1] and a modern view of Islamic theology, ethics, sharia, culture, tradition, and other ritualistic practices in Islam.[1] Liberal Muslims claim that the re-interpretation of the Islamic scriptures is important in order to preserve their relevance in the 21st century.[1][10]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Kurzman, Charles (1998). "Liberal Islam and Its Islamic Context". In Kurzman, Charles (ed.). Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–26. ISBN 9780195116229. OCLC 37368975.
- ^ Safi, Omid, ed. (2003). Progressive Muslims: on justice, gender and pluralism. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781851683161. OCLC 52380025.
- ^ Safi, Omid. "What is Progressive Islam?". averroes-foundation.org. Averroes Foundation. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006.
- ^ "Liberalism - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- ^ Aslan, Reza (2011) [2005]. No god but God: the origins, evolution, and future of Islam (Updated ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 9780812982442. OCLC 720168240.
- ^ Sajid, Abdul Jalil (December 10, 2001). "'Islam against Religious Extremism and Fanaticism': speech delivered by Imam Abdul Jalil Sajid at a meeting on International NGO Rights and Humanity". mcb.org.uk. Muslim Council of Britain. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008.
- ^ "Tawhid". oxfordislamicstudies.com. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ Leeman, A. B. (Spring 2009). "Interfaith Marriage in Islam: An Examination of the Legal Theory Behind the Traditional and Reformist Positions" (PDF). Indiana Law Journal. 84 (2). Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Maurer School of Law: 743–772. ISSN 0019-6665. S2CID 52224503. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
- ^ Jahangir, Junaid (March 21, 2017). "Muslim Women Can Marry Outside The Faith". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 25, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
- ^ Zubaidah Rahim, Lily (2006). Capano, Giliberto; Howlett, Michael P.; Jarvis, Darryl S. L.; Ramesh, M. (eds.). "Discursive Contest between Liberal and Literal Islam in Southeast Asia". Policy and Society. 25 (4). Taylor & Francis: 77–98. doi:10.1016/S1449-4035(06)70091-1. ISSN 1839-3373. LCCN 2009205416. OCLC 834913646. S2CID 218567875.