Libertarianism (from Latin: libertas, meaning "freedom"; from French: libertaire, meaning "libertarian") is a political philosophy and movement that upholds liberty as the highest political end. Libertarianism may also refer to:
- Anarchism, an anti-authoritarian and anti-statist philosophy for which some use the term libertarianism synonymously
- Civil libertarianism, a strain of political thought that emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority
- Left-libertarianism, a position contrasted with that of right-libertarianism which rejects the private ownership of natural resources
- Libertarian Party (disambiguation)
- Libertarian socialism, a group of philosophies which aspire to create a non-hierarchical society without private ownership of the means of production or an authoritarian state
- Metaphysical libertarianism, philosophical position supporting free will against determinism
- Right-libertarianism, a position contrasted with that of left-libertarianism for its explicit support of free-market capitalism and private property rights