Limahong

Limahong
林阿鳳
Born
Raoping, Chaozhou, Great Ming[1]: 317 [2]: 110 
Occupation(s)Pirate, warlord
Years active1571-1589[3]
Opponents
Limahong
Traditional Chinese林阿鳳
Simplified Chinese林阿凤
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLín Āfèng
Wade–GilesLin2 A1-fêng4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLîm A-hōng
Teochew Peng'imLim⁵ A¹hong⁶
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese林鳳
Simplified Chinese林凤
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLín Fèng
Wade–GilesLin2 Fêng4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLîm Hōng
Teochew Peng'imLim⁵ Hong⁶

Limahong, Lim Hong, or Lin Feng (Teochew Chinese: 林鳳, Pe̍h-ūe-jī:Lîm Hõng, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Hōng), well known as Ah Hong (Teochew Chinese: 阿鳳, Pe̍h-ūe-jī:A-hõng, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: A-hōng) or Lim-A-Hong or Limahon (Teochew Chinese: 林阿鳳, Pe̍h-ūe-jī:Lîm A-hõng, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm A-hōng), was a Chinese pirate and warlord who invaded the northern Philippines in 1574. He built up a reputation for his constant raids to ports in Guangdong, Fujian and southern China. He is noted to have twice attempted, and failed, to invade the Spanish city of Manila in 1574.

  1. ^ Shutz, J. Travis (2019). "Limahong's pirates, Ming mariners, and early Sino– Spanish relations: The Pangasinan Campaign of 1575 and global history from below". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 67 (3–4): 315–342. doi:10.1353/phs.2019.0019. ISSN 2244-1638. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  2. ^ 林, 仁川 (1987). 明末清初私人海上貿易. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社 : 新华书店上海发行所发行.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Igawa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).