Line 3 pipeline

Line 3 Pipeline
Location
CountryCanada
United States
FromHardisty, Alberta
ToSuperior, Wisconsin
General information
TypeCrude oil
OwnerEnbridge
Commissioned1968
Technical information
Length1,659 km (1,031 mi)
Line 3 Replacement
(Canada Segment)
Location
CountryCanada
General information
TypeCrude oil
StatusComplete
CommissionedDecember 2019[1]
WebsiteCanada segment
Line 3 Replacement
(U.S. Segment)[2]
Location
CountryUnited States
General information
TypeCrude oil
StatusComplete
Construction startedDecember 2020
CommissionedOctober 2021[3]
WebsiteU.S. segment

The Line 3 pipeline is an oil pipeline owned by the Canadian multinational Enbridge. Operating since 1968, it runs 1,031 miles (1,659 km) from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada to Superior, Wisconsin, United States.

Concerns about the safety of the pipeline led Enbridge to reduce its capacity. Over its history, the pipeline has been the source of millions of gallons of oil spills, including a 1991 oil spill in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, that was the worst inland oil spill in U.S. history. In 2014 Enbridge proposed the construction of a new pipeline segment along a different route in Minnesota which would increase the volume of oil that could be transported.[4] The replacement pipeline has been completed in Canada,[5] Wisconsin,[6] North Dakota,[7] and Minnesota.[8] Permitting and construction of the new pipeline has been met with resistance from Native American communities and climate justice groups.[9] Despite protests, the expansion was operational by 1 October, 2021.[10]

  1. ^ "Enbridge Starts Service on Canadian Section of Line 3". Pipeline & Gas Journal. December 2, 2019. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020.
  2. ^ "Line 3 Replacement Project Fact Sheet" (PDF). Enbridge. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 16, 2021.
  3. ^ "Enbridge's Long-Delayed Line 3 Oil Pipeline Project to Start Up Oct. 1". Pipeline & Gas Journal. September 29, 2021. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021.
  4. ^ "Line 3 Replacement Project Summary" (PDF). Enbridge. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
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  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference :21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Williams, Nia (2021-09-29). "Enbridge's long-delayed Line 3 oil pipeline project to start up Oct. 1". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  9. ^ Kraker, Dan (June 29, 2018). "Line 3 opponents girding for fight over approved pipeline". MPRNews. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  10. ^ "Enbridge says Line 3 replacement complete, opens Friday". MPR News. 2021-09-29. Retrieved 2023-09-11.