Lisofylline

Lisofylline
Clinical data
Other names	1-(5-Hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine (HDX)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-[(5R)-5-Hydroxyhexyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione;
CAS Number	100324-81-0 ;
PubChem CID	501254;
ChemSpider	438549 ;
UNII	L1F2Q2X956;
ChEBI	CHEBI:143527;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1411 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7058709 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H20N4O3
Molar mass	280.328 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C2N(c1ncn(c1C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H](O)C)C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H20N4O3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8-9,18H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t9-/m1/s1 ; Key:NSMXQKNUPPXBRG-SECBINFHSA-N ;
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Lisofylline (LSF) is a synthetic small molecule with novel anti-inflammatory properties. LSF can effectively prevent type 1 diabetes in preclinical models and improves the function and viability of isolated or transplanted pancreatic islets. It is a metabolite of pentoxifylline.

As well, LSF improves cellular mitochondrial function and blocks interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling and STAT-4 activation in target cells and tissues. IL-12 and STAT-4 activation are important pathways linked to inflammation and autoimmune damage to insulin producing cells. Therefore, LSF and related analogs could provide a new therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes. LSF also directly reduces glucose-induced changes in human kidney cells suggesting that LSF and analogs have the potential to treat the complications associated with diabetes.