Flowering plant families (APG IV) | |||||
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Early-diverging flowering plants | |||||
Monocots: Alismatids • Commelinids • Lilioids | |||||
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Eudicots
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The COM clade consists of, and is named for, three orders of flowering plants: Celastrales, Oxalidales and Malpighiales.[a] A subgroup of the rosids, it is divided into 45 families of trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials and annuals.[4][5]
Coca leaves, containing small amounts of cocaine, have been chewed as a stimulant for thousands of years in the Andes.[6] Cassava crops provide a substantial source of carbohydrates in the tropics.[7] Bruguiera, Rhizophora and other mangroves are planted to protect coasts from storms and to anchor beach sand.[8] A single rootstock that supports a grove of quaking aspen may be the world's oldest living individual plant, at around 80,000 years.[9] Hybrids of the wild pansy (Viola tricolor) and other species of the violet family are grown as ornamentals, even in temperate winters.[10]
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