The playing staff were originally organised by a trainer, and chosen for matches by a committee made up of directors led by the club's secretary.[2] The club appointed an official manager for the first time in 1925. George Thompson took up the role in February, but left after eight months, "scalded by his experience".[3] Thompson was not replaced until 1927, when former player John McCartney took charge.[4]Harold Wightman worked during the early 1930s to build a team to challenge for promotion, but was sacked early on in the 1935–36 season. Without a manager, the team finished as runners-up in the Third Division South, before topping the table in 1936–37 under Ned Liddle. Dally Duncan was appointed in 1947, and during his 11-year tenure he took Luton into the First Division for the first time.[5] After Duncan was sacked early in the 1958–59 season, the club's board of directors managed the team to the 1959 FA Cup final.[6]
Joe Kinnear took Luton back up at the first time of asking, but was sacked by the club's new owners following a takeover in May 2003.[18][19]Mike Newell was appointed as manager,[20] and his side became League One champions in 2004–05. Internal troubles at the club started to intensify during the summer of 2006, as the club's chairman was revealed by Newell to be making illegal payments to agents[21]—after writing a scathing letter to the board,[21] Newell was sacked in March 2007.[21][22]Kevin Blackwell was appointed in his stead,[23] but was also sacked less than a year later on 16 January 2008;[24] former player Mick Harford was made Luton Town's new manager the same day,[25] and he was unable to prevent the club's relegation in 2007–08. After being deducted a total of 30 points by the Football League and The Football Association for 2008–09,[26] Luton were relegated to the Conference Premier;[27] however, the club claimed a Football League Trophy victory during the same season.[28] After two months of the 2009–10 season, Harford left the club by mutual consent,[29] to be replaced a month later by Richard Money.[30] Money's assistant, Gary Brabin, replaced him in March 2011,[31] and managed the club until he was sacked a year later.[32] His replacement, Paul Buckle, took charge in April 2012,[33] and was himself replaced in February 2013 by John Still.[34] Still took Luton back into the Football League in his first full season as manager, breaking a number of club records in the process.[35]
Still guided Luton to a comfortable finish in their first season back in League Two, but was sacked by the club in December 2015 following a poor run of form.[36] He was replaced by Nathan Jones in January 2016, who took on his first ever managerial role.[37] Jones led the club to promotion to League One in the 2017–18 season, before departing in January 2019 to join Championship club Stoke City.[38][39] He left Luton with the highest Football League points per game ratio of any manager in their history.[40] Mick Harford returned as caretaker manager for the remainder of the 2018–19 season, leading Luton to promotion to the Championship.[41]Graeme Jones was appointed as permanent manager in May 2019, though left the club by mutual consent before the end of the 2019–20 season with the club 23rd in the table.[42][43] Nathan Jones was reappointed in May 2020 and guided Luton to Championship safety on the final day of the season,[44][45] and led them to 12th place the following season with their highest points total in the second tier since 1981–82.[46] After he led Luton to the play-offs in 2021–22, in which they were beaten 2–1 on aggregate by Huddersfield Town in the semi-final,[47] Jones left in November 2022 with the club ninth in the table to take over at Premier League club Southampton.[48] He was succeeded by Rob Edwards,[49] who led Luton to promotion to the Premier League via the play-offs, with a penalty shoot-out victory over Coventry City in the final, marking the club's return to the first tier after a 31-year absence.[50]