This is a list of the bird species recorded in Spain. The area covered by this list is mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, and three small Spanish enclaves on the North African shore. The avifauna of Spain included a total of 664 species recorded in the wild by 2022 according to Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) with supplemental additions from Avibase.[1] 24 have been introduced by humans, six of which also have possibly wild-origin records. Three species have not been recorded since 1950, 8 are endemic to Spanish islands, and one of the endemic species is extinct.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.[2] The Spanish names in parentheses are from the SEO/BirdLife list.
The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence.
(A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs anywhere in Spain
(A) Accidental in limited area – a species found regularly in mainland Spain but accidentally in the Canary Islands or the North African enclaves.
(E) Endemic – a species found only in Spain, with the location appended
(Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Spain although populations exist elsewhere
(I) Introduced – a species introduced to Spain as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions and that has an established population
(B) Category B - species which have not been recorded in Spain since 1950
(D) Category D – species for which there are reasonable doubts as to their wild origin
(I/D) species with individuals of possible wild origin in addition to the introduced population
An additional note such as (Canary Islands only) means that the species has been recorded solely in that locality. Species without a note of that type have been recorded at a minimum in mainland Spain. The notes of population status such as "endangered" apply to the world population and are from Bird Checklists of the World.[3]
^Rouco, Miguel; Copete, José Luis; de Juana, Eduardo; Gil-Velasco, Marcel; Lorenzo, Juan Antonio; Martín, Marce; Milá, Borja; Molina, Blas; Santos, David M. (2019). "Lista de las Aves de España". SEOBirdLife. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
^Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved October 25, 2022.
^Lepage, Denis (June 15, 2019). "Checklist of Birds of Spain". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved August 25, 2019.