Some official place names in New Zealand are dual names, usually incorporating both the Māori place name and the original name given by European settlers or explorers. Although a mixture of Māori and English names is the most common form of dual name, some places, such as Mahināpua Creek / Tūwharewhare, include Māori elements in each part of the name, and Wellington Harbour (Port Nicholson) incorporates two English names. One name, Port Levy (Potiriwi) / Koukourarata, has a triple name consisting of the Māori name, the European name, and a Māori transliteration of the latter.
The practice of giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in the 1920s,[1] but dual names became much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements. Many places have names with a long heritage in each culture. For instance, one settlement saw Cloudy Bay, given this name by Captain Cook in 1770, renamed Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay,[2] with the Māori name recalling the early explorer Kupe scooping up oysters from the bay.[3]
Uncommonly, a place may be given two alternative names instead of one dual name. Prominent examples include the North Island and Te Ika-a-Māui,[4] the South Island and Te Waipounamu,[5] and the town called Whanganui or Wanganui.[6] These places are not included in the list below.