List of forms of government

This article lists forms of government and political systems, which are not mutually exclusive, and often have much overlap.^[1]

According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there are three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes.^[2]^[3] Another modern classification system includes monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.^[4] Scholars generally refer to a dictatorship as either a form of authoritarianism or totalitarianism.^[5]^[2]^[6]

The ancient Greek philosopher Plato discusses in the Republic five types of regimes: aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. ^[7] The question raised by Plato in the Republic: What kind of state is best? Generational changes informed by new political and cultural beliefs, technological progress, values and morality over millenniums have resulted in considerable shifts in the belief about the origination of political authority, who may participate in matters of state, how people might participate, the determination of what is just, and so forth.

^ Tomar, Dave; Updated, James BarhamPublished (30 August 2021). "25 Forms of Government—A Study Starter | Academic Influence". academicinfluence.com.
^ ^a ^b Juan José Linz (2000). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Lynne Rienner Publisher. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-55587-890-0. OCLC 1172052725.
^ Jonathan Michie, ed. (3 February 2014). Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-135-93226-8.
^ Ginny Garcia-Alexander; Hyeyoung Woo; Matthew J. Carlson (3 November 2017). Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences. Springer. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-3-319-64950-4. OCLC 1013825392.
^ Allan Todd; Sally Waller (10 September 2015). Allan Todd; Sally Waller (eds.). History fo States 20th Century). Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-107-55889-2.
^ Sondrol, P. C. (2009). "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner". Journal of Latin American Studies. 23 (3): 599–620. doi:10.1017/S0022216X00015868. JSTOR 157386. S2CID 144333167.
^ Norman Abjorensen (15 June 2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 288–. ISBN 978-1-5381-2074-3. OCLC 1081354236.

[academicinfluence.com-1] Tomar, Dave; Updated, James BarhamPublished (30 August 2021). "25 Forms of Government—A Study Starter | Academic Influence". academicinfluence.com.

[LinzLinz2000-2] Juan José Linz (2000). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Lynne Rienner Publisher. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-55587-890-0. OCLC 1172052725.

[Michie2014-3] Jonathan Michie, ed. (3 February 2014). Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-135-93226-8.

[Garcia-AlexanderWooCarlson2017-4] Ginny Garcia-Alexander; Hyeyoung Woo; Matthew J. Carlson (3 November 2017). Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences. Springer. pp. 137–. ISBN 978-3-319-64950-4. OCLC 1013825392.

[ToddWaller2015-5] Allan Todd; Sally Waller (10 September 2015). Allan Todd; Sally Waller (eds.). History fo States 20th Century). Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-107-55889-2.

[Sondrol-6] Sondrol, P. C. (2009). "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner". Journal of Latin American Studies. 23 (3): 599–620. doi:10.1017/S0022216X00015868. JSTOR 157386. S2CID 144333167.

[Abjorensen2019-7] Norman Abjorensen (15 June 2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 288–. ISBN 978-1-5381-2074-3. OCLC 1081354236.

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