List of khans of the Golden Horde

This is a complete list of khans of the Ulus of Jochi, better known by its later Russian designation as the Golden Horde, in its right (west) wing and left (east) wing divisions known problematically as the Blue Horde and White Horde,[1] and of its main successor state during a period of disintegration, known as the Great Horde. Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the principal rulers of the Golden Horde, although many late rulers of the Golden Horde originated from the subordinate White Horde. Following the general convention, the list encompasses the period from the death of Genghis Khan in 1227 to the sack of Sarai by the Crimean Khanate in 1502.[2] The chronological and genealogical information is often incomplete and contradictory; annotation can be found in the secondary lists in the second part of the article, and in the individual articles on specific monarchs.

Western Half (Blue Horde)
Ulus of Batu
Eastern Half (White Horde)
Ulus of Orda
Jochi
جوچى
As deputy of Genghis Khan in Central and Western Asia
c. 1207–1227 C.E.
Golden Horde
(Ulus of Jochi, Khanate of Qipchāq or Kipchak)

طلائی آردا
خانان قپچاق
قوم جوجی
1227–1459 C.E.
Batu Khan
باتو خان
As overall Khan
1227–1255 C.E.
Orda Khan
آردا خان
1227–1251 C.E.
Sartaq Khan
سارتاق خان
As overall Khan
1255–1256 C.E.
Qun Quran
قن قوران
1251–1280 C.E.
Ulaqchi Khan
اولاقچی خان
As overall Khan
1256–1257 C.E.
Berke Khan
برکه خان
As overall Khan
1257–1266 C.E.
Möngke Temür
منگو تیمور
As overall Khan
1266–1280 C.E.
Töde Möngke
تودا منگو
As overall Khan
1280–1287 C.E.
Köchü
کوجو
1280–1302 C.E.
Töle Buqa
تالابغا
As overall Khan
1287–1291 C.E.
Toqta
تختا خان
As overall Khan
1291–1312 C.E.
Buyan or Bayan Khan
بیان خان
1302–1309 C.E.
Muhammad Uzbeg Khan
محمد ازبک خان
As overall Khan
1313–1341 C.E.
Sasibuqa Khan
ساسیبوقا خان
c. 1310–1320 C.E.
(dubious)
Erzen
؟
1320–1341 C.E.
(dubious)
Tīnī Beg
تینی بیگ
As overall Khan
1341–1342 C.E.
Jānī Beg
جانی بیگ
As overall Khan
1342–1357 C.E.
Chimtay
چمطائي
1344–1360 C.E.
(dubious)
Berdi Beg
بردی بیگ
As overall Khan
1357–1359 C.E.
Qulpa Khan
قلپا خان
As overall Khan
1359–1360 C.E.
Nawrūz Beg
نوروز بیگ
As overall Khan
1360 C.E.
Khiḍr Khan
خضر خان ابن ساسیبوقا خان
1360–1361 C.E.
Qara Nogai
1360–1361 C.E.
Tīmūr Khwāja
تیمور خواجه ابن خضر خان
1361 C.E.
Ordu Malik (Ordu Shaykh)
اردو ملک شیخ
1361 C.E.
Kildi Beg
؟
1361–1362 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan
عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان
As a puppet Khan under Mamai
1362 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Murād
مراد خان
1362 C.E.
Khayr Pūlād (Mīr Pūlād)
 ?
1362–1364 C.E.
Tughluq Tīmūr
1363–c. 1365 C.E.
ʿAzīz Shaykh
عزیز شیخ
1364–1367 C.E.
Mubārak Khwāja
مبارک خواجہ
c. 1365–1369 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan
عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان
As a puppet Khan under Mamai
1367–1368 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Ūljāy Tīmūr
تیمور
1368 C.E.
Haṣan Beg
حسن بیگ
1368–1369 C.E.
ʿAbdallāh Khan
عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان
As a puppet Khan under Mamai
1369 C.E. 3rd reign at Sarai
Qutluq Khwāja
1369–1370 C.E.
Urus Khan
عروس خان
1369–1370 C.E.
Tūlūn Beg Khānum
؟
As a puppet Queen under Mamai
1370–1371 C.E.
Muḥammad-Sulṭān
محمد بولاق
As a puppet Khan under Mamai
1371–1373 C.E. 1st reign at Sarai
Urus Khan
عروس خان
1373 C.E.
Hājjī Cherkes
حاجی چرکس
1373–1374 C.E.
Urus Khan
عروس خان
1373–1374 C.E.
Īl Beg
خان ایبک
1374 C.E.
Muḥammad-Sulṭān
محمد بولاق
As a puppet Khan under Mamai
1374 C.E. 2nd reign at Sarai
Urus Khan
عروس خان
1374–1375 C.E.
Qāghān Beg
غیاث الدین خاقان بیگ
1375–1377 C.E.
Urus Khan
عروس خان
1375–1377 C.E.
ʿArab Shāh
عرب شاہ مظفر
1377–1380 C.E.
Toqtaqiya
توک تکیا
1377 C.E.
Tīmūr Malik
تیمور ملک
1377–1379 C.E.
Tokhtamysh
تختامش خان
1379–1380 C.E.
Tokhtamysh
تختامش خان
As Khan
1380–1395 C.E.
Quyurchuq
 ?
1395–1397 C.E.
Tīmūr Qutluq
تیمور قتلغ ابن تیمور ملک
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1397–1399 C.E.
Shādī Beg
شادی بیگ ابن تیمور ملک
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1399–1407 C.E.
Pūlād Khan
 ?
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1407–1409 C.E.

1st reign at Sarai

Karīm Berdi
کریم بردی ابن تختامش
1409 C.E.

1st reign at Sarai

Pūlād Khan
 ?
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1409–1410 C.E.

2nd reign at Sarai

Tīmūr Khan
تیمور خان ابن تیمور قتلغ
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1410–1411 C.E.
Jalāl ad-Din Zeleni Saltan
جلال الدین خان ابن تختامش
1411–1412 C.E.
Karīm Berdi
کریم بردی ابن تختامش
1412–1413 C.E.

2nd reign at Sarai

Kebek
قبق خان ابن تختامش
1413–1414 C.E.
Karīm Berdi
کریم بردی ابن تختامش
1414 C.E.

3rd reign at Sarai

Jabbār Berdi
جبار بردی خان
1414–1415 C.E.

1st reign at Sarai

Chekre
چکرہ خان ابن اکمل
Khan in alliance with Edigu
1415–1416 C.E.
Jabbār Berdi
جبار بردی خان
1416–1417 C.E.

2nd reign at Sarai

Darwīsh
درویش خان
a puppet Khan of Edigu
1417–1419 C.E.
Qādir Berdi
قدیر بردی خان ابن تختامش
1419 C.E.
Ḥājjī Muḥammad
حاجی محمد خان ابن اغلان علی
a puppet Khan of Edigu's sons
1419 C.E.
*Ulugh Muḥammad
الغ محمد
1419–1421 C.E.
*Dawlat Berdi
دولت بردی
1419–1421 C.E.
Barāq Khan (His son Jani Beg Khan along with Kerey Khan founded the Kazakh Khanate in 1456)
برا‍ق خان بن کویرچک
1421–1427 C.E.
Ulugh Muḥammad (Founded the Kazan Khanate in 1438)
الغ محمد
1427–1433 C.E.
Sayyid Aḥmad I
سید احمد اول
1433–1435 C.E.
Küchük Muḥammad
کوچک محمد
1435–1459 C.E.
Golden Horde broke up as follows: 1438, Kazan Khanate under Ulugh Muhammad; 1441, Crimean Khanate under Hacı I Giray; Qasim Khanate (1452). The remnant, which became known as the Great Horde, was left with the steppe between the Dnieper and Yaik, the capital Sarai and a claim to represent the tradition of the Golden Horde.
Great Horde
عظیم اردو
1459–1502 C.E.
Maḥmūd (Founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in 1466)
محمود بن کوچک
1459–1465 C.E.
Aḥmad
احمد خان
1465–1481 C.E.
Shaykh Aḥmad
سید احمد ثانی
1481–1502 C.E
The Great Horde collapsed gradually and territories became independent Khanates; 1466, Astrakhan Khanate under one of Kuchuk Muhammed's sons named Mahmud bin Küchük; Tyumen Khanate (1468, later Siberia Khanate).
  1. ^ These color references in most English-language scholarship are based on earlier works that were dependent on Persian sources, which inverted the color labels used by the arguably more relevant Turkish sources. See May 2016 and May 2018: 282–283.
  2. ^ Compare the (incomplete) list in Bosworth 1996: 252–254.