List of multiplanetary systems

Further information: Planetary system
Number of extrasolar planet discoveries per year through 2023. Colors indicate method of detection.

From the total of 4,949 stars known to have exoplanets (as of July 24, 2024), there are a total of 1007 known multiplanetary systems,[1] or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System. This list includes systems with at least three confirmed planets or two confirmed planets where additional candidates have been proposed. The stars with the most confirmed planets are the Sun (the Solar System's star) and Kepler-90, with 8 confirmed planets each, followed by TRAPPIST-1 with 7 planets.

The 1007 multiplanetary systems are listed below according to the star's distance from Earth. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, has three planets (b, c and d). The nearest system with four or more confirmed planets is Gliese 876, with four known.[citation needed][a] The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13,300 light-years (4,100 pc) away.[3]

The table below contains information about the coordinates, spectral and physical properties, and the number of confirmed (unconfirmed) planets for systems with at least 2 planets and 1 not confirmed. The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because they determine how these planetary systems form. Systems with higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets. However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close-in planets, orbiting at less than 1 AU.[4]

  1. ^ Schneider, Jean (6 December 2016). "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 2016-12-09. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  2. ^ González Hernández, J. I.; et al. (October 2024). "A sub-Earth-mass planet orbiting Barnard's star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 690: A79. arXiv:2410.00569. Bibcode:2024A&A...690A..79G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451311. A79.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Bennett, D. P.; Batista, Virginie; Fukui, A. (January 2016). "Revisiting the microlensing event OGLE 2012-BLG-0026: A solar mass star with two cold giant planets". researchgate.net.
  4. ^ Brewer, John M.; Wang, Songhu; Fischer, Debra A.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel (2018-10-24). "Compact multi-planet systems are more common around metal poor hosts". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (1). L3. arXiv:1810.10009. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867L...3B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aae710. S2CID 67832557.


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