National parks of Sweden are managed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Swedish: Naturvårdsverket) and owned by the state. The goal of the national park service is to create a system of protected areas that represent all the distinct natural regions of the country.[1] In 1909, Sweden became the first country in Europe to establish such parks when nine were opened following the Riksdag passing of a law on national parks that year. This was followed by the establishment of seven parks between 1918 and 1962 and thirteen between 1982 and 2009, with the latest being Åsnen National Park in 2018.[1] As of 2020[update] there are 30 national parks in Sweden, comprising a total area of 743,238 hectares (1,836,580 acres).[2]
According to the EPA, Swedish national parks must represent unique landscape types and be effectively protected and used for research, recreation, and tourism without damaging nature.[3] Mountain terrain dominates approximatively 90% of the parks' combined area. The reason for this is the extensive mountain areas taken up by the large northern parks—Sarek National Park and Padjelanta National Park each cover approximately 200,000 hectares (490,000 acres).[4][5] Many of the northern parks are part of the Laponian area, one of Sweden's UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to its preserved natural landscape and habitat for the native reindeer-herding Sami people.[6] The southernmost parks—Söderåsen National Park, Dalby Söderskog National Park and Stenshuvud National Park—are covered with broadleaf forest and together cover approximately 2,000 ha (4,942 acres).[7][8][9] Fulufjället National Park is part of PAN Parks,[10] a network founded by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to provide better long-term conservation and tourism management of European national parks.[11]
- ^ a b "National parks and other ways to protect nature". Naturvårdsverket (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency). Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
- ^ "Skyddad natur i siffror" (in Swedish). Naturvårdsverket (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency). Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ^ "Fakta om nationalparker" (in Swedish). Naturvårdsverket (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency). Archived from the original on 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
sarekwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
padjelantawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Laponian Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
söderåsenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
dalbywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
stenshuvudwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Fulufjälletwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Vision". PAN Parks. Archived from the original on 2003-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-25.