List of philosophical pessimists

List of philosophers of pessimism.

Name Date of birth Date of death Nationality
Julius Bahnsen[1][2] 30 March 1830 7 December 1881 German
Ernest Becker[3] 27 September 1924 6 March 1974 American
David Benatar[4][5][6] 8 December 1966 — South African
Gautama Buddha[7][8]: 130  c. 563 BC c. 483 BC Indian
Julio Cabrera[9] 1944 — Argentinian
Albert Camus[10][11][12] 7 November 1913 4 January 1960 French
Albert Caraco[13] 8 July 1919 7 September 1971 French-Uruguayan
Emil Cioran[11][12] 8 April 1911 20 June 1995 Romanian
Hegesias[14][12] c. 290 BC c. 290 BC Greek
Drew Dalton[15] ? — American
Baltasar Gracián[12] 8 January 1601 6 December 1658 Spanish
John Gray 17 April 1948 — English
Eduard von Hartmann[1][5][6][2] 23 February 1842 5 June 1906 German
Ulrich Horstmann[16] 31 May 1949 — German
Omar Khayyam 18 May 1048 4 December 1131 Persian
Giacomo Leopardi[1][11] 29 June 1798 14 June 1837 Italian
Thomas Ligotti[8][12] 9 July 1953 — American
Al- Ma'arri December 973 May 1057 Arab
Philipp Mainländer[1][2] 5 October 1841 1 April 1876 German
Carlo Michelstaedter[17] 3 June 1887 17 October 1910 Italian
Friedrich Nietzsche[11][6][12] 15 October 1844 25 August 1900 German
Olga Plümacher[1][2] 27 May 1839 c. 15 June 1895 German
Blaise Pascal[11][12] 19 June 1623 19 August 1662 French
Arthur Schopenhauer[18][19][5][6] 22 February 1788 21 September 1860 German
Agnes Taubert[1][2] 7 January 1844 8 May 1877 German
Eugene Thacker[20] ? — American
Herman Tønnessen[21] 24 July 1918 2001 Norwegian-Canadian
Miguel de Unamuno[22][11] 29 September 1864 31 December 1936 Spanish
Peter Wessel Zapffe[23][24][5] 18 December 1899 12 October 1990 Norwegian
  1. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference Beiser was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Sully-P was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Becker-DD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Benatar-BNTHB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Coates-AN was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Prescott-WPI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Sully, James (1877). Pessimism: A History and a Criticism. London: Henry S. King & Co. p. 38.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Ligotti-TCATHR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cabrera-DMI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Camus-TMOS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference Dienstag was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference van-der-Lugt-DM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Caraco, Albert (1982). Le bréviaire du chaos (in French).
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  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dalton-TME was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hosrtmann-DU was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Michelstaedter-PR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Schopenhauer-WWR1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Thacker-IR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tønnessen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference Unamuno-TSL was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zapffe-TLM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zapffe-OT was invoked but never defined (see the help page).