List of rulers of Bithynia

This is a list of kings of Bithynia, an ancient kingdom in northwestern Anatolia.

Before Zipoetes I of Bithynia assumed the Greek title of Basileus ("king") in 297 BCE,[1] the positions of him and his predecessors are variously described as "prince",[2] "chieftain",[1] "ruler",[3] and "king".[4] One of the primary sources for the monarchs of Bithynia is About Hericlea (Ancient Greek: Περί Ηρακλείας, romanized: Peri Herakleias) of Memnon of Heraclea.[3]

  1. ^ a b Williams 1990, p. 10.
  2. ^ The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: Bassantin - Bloemaart, Volume 4 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Knight, 1835 p. 470
  3. ^ a b Smith 2004, Chapters 1–21.
  4. ^ Olmstead 2022, p. 344.