List of schemes of the government of India

The Government of India has social welfare and social security schemes for India's citizens funded either by the central government, state government or concurrently. Schemes that the central government fully funds are referred to as "central sector schemes" (CS). In contrast, schemes mainly funded by the center and implemented by the states are "centrally sponsored schemes" (CSS).[1] In the 2022 Union budget of India, there are 740 central sector (CS) schemes.[2][3] and 65 (+/-7) centrally sponsored schemes (CSS).[4]

From 131 CSSs in February 2021, the union government aimed to restructure/revamp/rationalize these by the next year.[5] In 2022 CSS's numbered 65 with a combined funding of ₹442,781 crore (equivalent to ₹5.0 trillion or US$60 billion in 2023).[6] In 2022, there were 157 CSs and CSSs with individual funding of over ₹500 crore (equivalent to ₹561 crore or US$67 million in 2023) each.[7] Central sector scheme actual spending in 2017-18 was ₹587,785 crore (equivalent to ₹6.6 trillion or US$79 billion in 2023),[8] in 2019-20 it was ₹757,091 crore (equivalent to ₹8.5 trillion or US$100 billion in 2023) while the budgeted amount for 2021-22 is ₹1,051,703 crore (equivalent to ₹12 trillion or US$140 billion in 2023).[9] Schemes can also be categorised as flagship schemes.[10] 10 flagship schemes were allocated ₹1.5 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹1.7 trillion or US$20 billion in 2023) in the 2021 Union budget of India.[10] The subsidy for kerosene, started in the 1950s, was slowly decreased since 2009 and eliminated in 2022.[11][12][13]

Implementation of government schemes varies between schemes, and locations, and depends on factors such as evaluation process, awareness, accessibility, acceptability, and capability for last-mile implementation.[14] Government bodies undertaking evaluations and audits include NITI Aayog,[15] Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,[16] and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.[17]

  1. ^ "What are centrally sponsored schemes". Business Standard India. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  2. ^ "Central Sector Schemes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2022.
  3. ^ Seth, Dilasha (2 February 2021). "Budget: Central schemes outlay sees rise despite talks of rationalisation". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  4. ^ "Expenditure Profile 2022-2023. Union Budget 2022" (PDF). February 2022.
  5. ^ Gupta, Moushumi Das; Nair, Remya (3 February 2021). "'Money is scarce' — Modi govt set to axe about 40 schemes that 'have lost relevance'". ThePrint. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Union Budget 2022-23: Number of centrally sponsored schemes cut by half". Down to Earth. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  7. ^ "Outcome Budget 2022-2023. Output Outcome Framework 2022-23 (Major Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes)" (PDF). Ministry of Finance, Government of India. February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  8. ^ "Union Budget 2019-20 Analysis". PRS Legislative Research. 5 July 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Union Budget 2021-22 Analysis". PRS Legislative Research. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  10. ^ a b Mehrotra, Karishma (2 February 2021). "Flagship schemes in Budget 2021: Big hike in finance and health sectors". The Indian Express. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  11. ^ Jain, Abhishek; Ramji, Aditya (2016). "Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives" (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development and Council on Energy, Environment and Water.
  12. ^ Vibhuti Garg; Shruti Sharma; Kieran Clarke; Richard Bridle (May 2017). "Kerosene Subsidies in India: The status quo, challenges and the emerging path to reform" (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference :18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Swarup, Anil (21 February 2020). "What determines a government scheme's success". The Hindu BusinessLine. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference :19 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).