This is a list of personal titles arranged in a sortable table. They can be sorted:
For in-depth information please follow the links to individual titles.
Title | Origin | Function | Usual Source of Authority | Usual Breadth of Authority |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ab Actis | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional (student society) |
Abbess or Abbot | Latin | Executive | Elected | Institutional (abbey) |
Admiral of the Fleet | European | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (highest naval rank) |
Agha | Kurdish, Turkish, Persian | Administrative | Identified or Appointed (Debatable) | Tribal |
Aesymnetes | Greek | Executive | Elected | National |
Agonothetes | Greek | Administrative | Elected | Institutional (sacred games) |
Agoranomos | Greek | Executive | Elected | Institutional (marketplace) |
Air Marshal | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional (very senior air force rank) |
Aircraftman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional (lowest air force rank) |
Akhoond | Persian | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified? | Institutional (mosque) |
Alcalde | Spanish | Executive | Elected | The mayor of town/city |
Alderman | Old English | Administrative/executive | Elected | An elected member of a city council |
Allamah | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Amban | Manchu | Executive/ legislative | Appointed | Provincial/ supranational |
Amir al-Mu'minin | Arabic | Executive | Hereditary/ identified | National/ supranational/ tribal |
Amphipole | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Elected? | National |
Anax | Greek | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
Apodektai | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Tribal |
Apostle | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed/ Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
Arahant | Pali | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
Archbishop | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Appointed | Provincial (diocesan) |
Archdeacon | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (local church) |
Archduchess or Archduke | German | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary | Courtly/ supranational |
Archiater | Greek | Administrative/ executive | Appointed | Institutional (court (royal)) |
Archimandrite | Greek | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed | Institutional (abbey) |
Archon | Greek | Executive/ judicial | Elected | Local/ national |
Archpriest | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial |
Argbadh | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Institutional (castle) |
Arhat | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
Asapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (cavalry unit) |
Aspet | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Courtly |
Assistant in Virtue | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Assistant Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Assistant to the President & Deputy National Security Advisor | American | Executive | Appointed | National |
Associate Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Aswaran Salar | Sasanian Empire | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (entire cavalry) |
Augusta | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Ayatollah | Persian | Judicial | Appointed (based on studies at a hawza) | Personal |
Baivarapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (baivarabam of 10,000 soldiers) |
Bapu | Hindi | Ceremonial | Identified | Courtly/ personal |
Baron or Baroness | French | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
Basileus or Basilissa | Anatolian | Executive/ ceremonial/ judicial | Hereditary/ elected | National |
Beauty | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Bishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial (diocesan) |
Blessed | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Supernatural |
Begum | Turkish | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly/ personal |
Brother | Christian | Personal | Identified | Personal |
Buddha | Pali/ Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal/ supernatural |
Cardinal | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (College of Cardinals) |
Cardinal-nephew | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (College of Cardinals) |
Caesar | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Caliph | Arabic | Executive | Elected/ hereditary | Supranational |
Cantor | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional (student society) |
Captain (land) | European | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (75- 200 soldiers) |
Captain (naval) | English | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (large ship) |
Catholicos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Regional |
Centurion | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (80 or more soldiers) |
Chairman or Chairwoman | English | Administrative/ executive/ legislative | Appointed/ elected | Institutional (Meeting) |
Chakravartin | Sanskrit | Executive | Identified/ hereditary | Supranational |
Chancellor | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Courtly |
Chanyu | Xiongnu | Executive | Hereditary | Tribal |
Chhatrapati | Marathi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ supranational |
Chief or Chieftain | Global | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Elected/ hereditary | Tribal |
Chiliarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (1,000 soldiers) |
Chorbishop | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Provincial (diocesan) |
Choregos | Greek | Administrative/ ceremonial | Purchased | Institutional (theatre festival) |
City Manager | English | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Coiffure Attendant | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Colonel | English | Honorific | Appointed/Identified | Local |
Comes | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Courtly/ supernatural |
Commissioner | English | Executive/Legislative | Elected/Appointed | Local |
Commissioner of Baseball | Amero-Canadian | Executive | Elected | Institutional (Major League Baseball) |
Concubinus | Roman | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
Consort | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Consul | Roman | Executive/ judicial | Elected | National |
Corporal | Italian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (2nd in command of a squad of 8 to 14 soldiers) |
Corrector | Latin | Executive/ judicial | Appointed | Regional |
Councillor | Latin | Legislative | Elected | Local |
Count or Countess | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Dàifu (Great Man) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Dalai Lama | Tibetan | Ceremonial | Appointed | Supranational |
Dame or Dom | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Institutional (British knighthood, English Benedictine Congregation) |
Dathapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (dathabam of 10 soldiers) |
Deacon or Diakonissa | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (local church) |
Dean (religion) | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (local church) |
Decurio | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (command of a contubernium of 8 soldiers) |
Desai | Indo-Aryan | Administrative | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
Despot | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Dilochitès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (dilochia army double file) |
Dikastes | Greek | Judicial | Chosen by lot | Tribal |
Dimoirites | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (dimoiria army half file) |
Distinguished Professor | American | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Divine Adoratrice | Egyptian | Executive/ ceremonial | Hereditary | National |
Diwan | Persian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | National/ provincial |
Doctor | European | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Don or Doña | Spanish | Ceremonial/ executive | Identified | Local/ national |
Duchess or Duke | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | National/ Regional |
Dux | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (two legions- 9,000 soldiers or more) |
Earl or Countess | Anglo-Saxon | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Earl Marshal | English | Administrative/ judicial | Hereditary | Courtly/ national |
Ecumenical Patriarch | Greek | Ceremonial/ judicial | Elected? | Supranational |
Elder | Anglo-Saxon, Arabic, Australian, Germanic, Greek, Latin, Mayan, Slavic, Latter-day Saint | Legislative | Elected/ Appointed | Tribal, Institutional (Latter-day Saint Movement) |
Emeritus | Latin | Ceremonial | Retired from office | Various, a retired chair, professor, or other person who retains an honorary title. Used as suffix, e.g. Professor Emeritus |
Emperor or Empress | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
En | Sumerian | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary? | Local/ national |
Ephor | Greek | Executive | Elected | National |
Epihipparch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (1,000 horses) |
Esquire or Squire | French | Administrative/ executive/ judicial/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ personal |
Evangelist | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement) |
Exarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Faqih | Arabic | Judicial | Appointed | Institutional (Sharia) |
Fellow | English | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Fidalgo | Portuguese | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Fidei defensor | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ hereditary | National |
Field Marshal | German | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (highest army rank) |
Foreign minister | European | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
Furén (High-Ranking Madam) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Fürst or Fürstin | German | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Ganden Tripa | Tibetan | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (Gelug sect) |
Generalissimo | Italian | Executive | Elected (by fellow military commanders) | National |
God's Wife | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (cult of Amun) |
Gong or Gong Bao (Lord) | Chinese | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ identified | Provincial/ supernatural |
Goodman or Goodwife | British | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Gothi or Gyoja | Old Norse | Ceremonial/ executive | Elected? | Tribal |
Governor | Roman | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Provincial |
Governor-General | European | Executive | Appointed | National/ regional |
Grand Admiral | French | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (highest naval rank) |
Grand duchess or Grand duke | Germanic | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Grand Inquisitor | Latin | Judicial | Appointed | National/ supranational |
Grand Master | European | Ceremonial/ executive | Identified | Institutional (Freemasonry, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Templar, Teutonic Knights)/ supranational |
Grand Master (GM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (FIDE) |
International Master (IM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (FIDE) |
FIDE Master (FM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (FIDE) |
Candidate Master (CM) | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (FIDE) |
Grand prince | Latin | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Guardian Immortal | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Hadrat | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Handsome Fairness | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Haty-a | Egyptian | Executive | Appointed? | Local |
Hazarapatish | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (hazarabam of 1,000 soldiers) |
Headman | Zuni & !Kung people amongst others | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Hegumen or Hegumenia | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Institutional (abbey) |
Hekatontarchès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (100 soldiers) |
Hellenotamiae | Greek | Administrative | Elected? | Tribal |
Hetman | Ukrainian | Military | Army ranking | |
Herald | European | Administrative/ diplomatic | Appointed | Institutional/ national |
Her/His/Your Excellency | English | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ elected/ hereditary | Diplomatic/ national |
Her/ His/ Your Grace | British | Executive/ legislative | Hereditary | Regional |
Her/ His/ Your Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Her/ His/ Your Illustrious Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Provincial |
Her/ His/ Your Imperial Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Her/His/Your Imperial Majesty | European | Executive | Hereditary | Supranational |
Her/Your Ladyship or His/Your Lordship | British | Executive/ legislative/ judicial | Hereditary | Provincial |
Her/ His/ Your Majesty | European | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Her/ His/ Your Royal Highness | European | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Her/ His/ Your Serene Highness | European | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Herzog | German | Executive | Hereditary | Regional |
Hidalgo | Spanish | Executive/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
Hierodeacon | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (local church) |
Hieromonk | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (monastery) |
Hierophant | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional (Eleusinian Mysteries) |
High priest or High priestess | Christian, Jewish, Pagan, Samaritan, Santería, Shinto | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (temple) |
Hipparchus (cavalry officer) | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (hipparchia of 500 horsemen) |
His Eminence | Christian | Executive/ administrative | Appointed/ elected | National/ supranational |
Hojatoleslam | Arabic | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
Ilarchès | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (wing cavalry unit) |
Imam | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (mosque)/ supernatural |
Imperator or Imperatrice | Latin | Executive | Identified | Divisional (legion of about 4,500 soldiers) |
Inquisitor | Latin | Judicial | Appointed | Supranational |
Jagirdar | Indian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Jiàoshòu (Instructor) | Chinese | Administrative | Identified | Institutional (university) |
Junior Technician | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional (non-supervisory) |
Kanstresios | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (office of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople) |
Karo | Japanese | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (Castle) |
Khan or Cham | Central Asian | Executive | Hereditary | National/Supranational |
Khawaja | Arabic | Ceremonial | Hereditary/ identified | Tribal |
King or Queen | English | Executive | Hereditary | National |
King of Arms | European | Ceremonial | Appointed | National |
Kolakretai | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Local |
Kumar or Kumari | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed/ hereditary | National/ provincial |
Lady or Lord | British | Executive | Hereditary/ identified/ purchased | Institutional (Manor, Peerage of the United Kingdom)/ Provincial/ Supernatural |
Lady of His Majesty | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Lady of Treasure | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Laoshi (Old Master) | Chinese | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Identified | Personal |
Leading Aircraftman or Leading Aircraftwoman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional (non-supervisory) |
Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Legatus | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (top rank) |
Lehendakari | Basque | Executive | Elected | President of the Basque Country |
Lochagos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (75 to 200 soldiers) |
Lonko | Mapudungun | Executive | Hereditary? | Tribal |
Lord Great Chamberlain | English | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Lord High Constable | English | Ceremonial/ executive/ judicial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Lord Privy Seal | English | Administrative | Appointed | National |
Lugal | Sumerian | Executive | Hereditary | Local/ national |
Madam or Sir | French | Ceremonial/ executive | Appointed/ identified | Divisional (knight)/ personal |
Magister Officiorum | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (palatine secretariat) |
Magister Militum | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (top level) |
Maha-kshtrapa | Sanskrit | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Regional |
Maharaja or Maharani | Sanskrit | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
Maharana | Hindi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
Maharao | Hindi | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
Mahatma | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Major archbishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial (diocesan) |
Malik or Malikah | Arabic | Executive/ legislative/ judicial | Hereditary | Local/ national/ supernatural/ tribal |
Mandarin | Chinese | Administrative | Appointed (based on Imperial examination) | National |
Marzban | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Master of the Horse | Roman | Executive | Appointed | Courtly |
Master of the Sacred Palace | Christian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Mawlawi | Persian | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (madrassa) |
Mayor | Latin | Executive/ legislative | Elected/ appointed | Local |
Metropolitan Bishop | Christian | Executive/ judicial/ legislative | Appointed | Local |
Mirza | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | Courtly |
Monsignor | French | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Mullah | Persian | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (Sharia) |
Naib | Arabic | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Local/ tribal |
Nakharar | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
National Security Advisor | American | Administrative | Appointed | National |
Navarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (equivalent to a modern four-star rank) |
Nawab | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Nawabzada or Nawabzadi | Persian | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Nizam | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | National/ regional |
Nobilissimus | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Nomarch | Egyptian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Provincial |
Nuncio | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
Nushi (Mistress) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Optio | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (centuria of about 100 soldiers) |
Palatine | Latin | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial/ supernational |
Pastor | Latin | Ceremonial | Elected | Institutional (local church) |
Patriarch | Greek | Executive | Identified | Tribal |
Patriarch | Latter Day Saint movement | Administrative/ Ceremonial | Appointed/ Hereditary | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement) |
Patroon | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | Institutional (colonial manor) |
Paygan Salarapoo | Persian | Executive | Appointed? | Divisional (entire infantry) |
Peace Be Upon Him | Arabic | Ceremonial | Identified | Supernatural |
Peshwa | Marathi | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Supranational |
Pharaoh | Egyptian | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Pir or Pirani | Persian | Administrative | Identified | Personal |
Polemarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed/ chosen by lot/ elected | National |
Pope | Latin | Executive | Elected | National/ supranational |
Post Master General | American | Executive | Appointed | National |
Praetor | Roman | Executive/ legislative | Elected | National |
Praeses | Belgian | Executive | Elected | Institutional (student society) |
Presbyter | Greek | Ceremonial/ Executive | Appointed/ Elected | Local |
President | Latin | Executive | Elected | Institutional/ national |
President of the Church | Latter Day Saint movement | Executive/ Judicial | Appointed | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement)/ Diplomatic/ Supernatural |
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | Latter Day Saint movement | Executive/ Judicial | Appointed | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement)/ Diplomatic/ Supernatural |
President pro tempore | Latin | legislative | Elected by Senate | state/national |
Presiding Bishop | Christian | Executive | Appointed | Institutional (Christianity) |
Presiding Patriarch | Christian | Administrative | Hereditary | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement) |
Priest | Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Neopagan, Pagan, Shinto, Zoroastrian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (temple) |
Primate | Latin | Ceremonial/ judicial | Appointed | Courtly/ national |
Prime minister | English | Executive/ legislative | Appointed | National |
Prince or Princess | Latin | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary | National/ Provincial |
Princeps | Latin | Executive | Identified | Supranational |
Principal Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Prithvi-vallabha | Indian | Executive | Hereditary | Regional |
Professor | Latin | Administrative/ ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Professor Emeritus | Latin | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (university) |
Propagator of Deportment | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Prophet of the Restoration | Latter Day Saint movement | Administrative/ Judicial/ Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (Latter Day Saint movement)/ Supernatural |
Protodeacon | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (local church) |
Proxenos | Greek | Administrative | Purchased | Diplomatic |
Prytaneis | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Local/ tribal |
Pursuivant | European | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (College of Arms or similar body) |
Quaestor | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional (student society) |
Rabbi | Hebrew | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (synagogue) |
Raja or Rani | Sanskrit | Executive | Hereditary | National/ tribal |
Rajmata | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed | National/ regional |
Reader | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Recipient from the Inner Chamber | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Recipient of Edicts | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Rector | Latin | Administrative | Elected | Institutional (university) |
Reverend | Christian | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Roju | Japanese | Administrative | Appointed | National |
Sacristan | Christian | Administrative | Appointed/ elected | Institutional (local church) |
Saint | Latin | Ceremonial | Appointed/ identified | Institutional/ personal/ supernatural |
Sakellarios | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Supranational |
Sahib or Sahibah | Arabic | Ceremonial/ executive | Hereditary/ identified | National/ personal |
Satrap | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Savakabuddha | Pali | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Sebastokrator | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Sebastos or Sebaste | Greek | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Secretary of State | European | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic/ national |
Seghatoleslam | Persian | Judicial | Appointed (based on studies at a hawza) | Personal |
Selected Lady | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Senior Aircraftman or Senior Aircraftwoman | British | Administrative | Appointed | Divisional (non-supervisory) |
Senior Lecturer | British | Administrative | Appointed | Institutional (university) |
Sergeant | Latin | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (squad of 8 to 14 soldiers) |
Servant in the Place of Truth | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional (Theban Necropolis) |
Service Provider | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Shah | Persian | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Shaman | Global | Ceremonial | Identified | Tribal |
Sheikh | Arabic | Institutional | Appointed | Anointed |
Shifu (Protector Teacher) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Shigong (Teacher of my Teacher) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Shimu (Woman of my Teacher) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Shofet | Hebrew | Executive/ judicial | Elected | National/ tribal |
Shōgun | Japanese | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Sibyl | Greek | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (holy site) |
Sister | Catholic, Latter Day Saint movement | Administrative/ Ceremonial | Appointed/ Identified | Personal/ Institutional |
Somatophylax | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Courtly |
Soter | Greek | Ceremonial | Identified | Supernatural |
Spahbod | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (army corps of about 60,000 soldiers) |
Sparapet | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Divisional (supreme military commander) |
Sri or Sushri | Devanagari | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Starosta | Cyrillic | Executive | Appointed/ elected | Local/ national |
Strategos | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (highest army rank) |
Subedar | British/ Indian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (highest native rank in British India) |
Sultan | Arabic | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Sunim | Korean | Ceremonial | Identified | Institutional (temple) |
Swami | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Syntagmatarchis | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (regiment of 300 to 5,000 soldiers) |
Tagmatarchis | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (tagma of 500 to 1500 soldiers) |
Taitai (married Madam) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Talented | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Tanuter | Armenian | Executive | Hereditary | Local |
Taoiseach | Irish | Executive | Appointed | National |
Taxiarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (brigade of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers) |
Temple boy | Thai | Administrative | Appointed | Personal |
Tenzo | Buddhist | Administrative | Appointed? | Institutional (monastery) |
Tetrarch | Greek | Executive | Appointed | Supranational |
Thakore or Thakurani | Indian | Executive | Hereditary | Provincial |
Theorodokoi | Greek | Administrative | Appointed | Diplomatic |
Theoroi | Greek | Administrative | Appointed? | Diplomatic |
The Most Honourable | British | Executive/ legislative | Hereditary | Provincial |
The Right Honourable | English | Administrative/ ceremonial/ legislative | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ national |
Tirbodh | Persian | Executive | Appointed | Divisional (archers) |
Tóngzhi (Comrade) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Toqui | Mapudungun | Executive | Elected | Tribal |
Towel Attendant | Tang dynasty | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Tribune | Latin | Legislative | Elected | National |
Trierarch | Greek | Executive | Purchased | Divisional (trireme ship) |
Tsar or Tsaritsa | Bulgarian | Executive | Hereditary | National/ supranational |
Unsui | Japanese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Upasaka | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed | Personal |
Upajjhaya | Sanskrit | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Personal |
Vajracharya | Nepalese | Ceremonial | Hereditary/ identified | Institutional (monastery) |
Varma | Indian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Courtly/ regional |
Venerable | Buddhist/ Christian | Ceremonial | Appointed | Institutional/ supernatural |
Vicar general | Christian | Administrative | Appointed | Provincial (diocesan) |
Vice-Praeses | Belgian | Executive | Elected or Appointed | Institutional (student society) |
Viceroy or Vicereine | European | Executive | Appointed | National/ regional |
Voivode | Bulgarian | Executive | Appointed/ hereditary | Divisional/ provincial |
Weiyuán (Delegate) | Chinese | Legislative | Appointed? | National |
Xiaojie (Little Woman) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Xiansheng (Firstborn) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Xiaozhang (Headmaster) | Chinese | Executive | Appointed | Institutional (school) |
Xry Hbt | Egyptian | Ceremonial | Appointed? | Institutional (ritual center) |
Yisheng (Medical Scholar) | Chinese | Administrative | Appointed/ identified | Institutional (Traditional Chinese medicine)/ personal |
Yishi (Medical Master) | Chinese | Administrative | Identified | Institutional (Traditional Chinese medicine) |
Yuvraj or Yuvrani | Indian | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Zamindar | Devanagari | Executive/ judicial | Appointed/ hereditary | Local/ provincial |
Zongshi (Ancestral Teacher) | Chinese | Ceremonial | Identified | Personal |
Zhuxi (Chairperson) | Chinese | Executive | Elected | National |
Lands’ Advocate | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
Stadtholder (Steward) | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
Grand Pensionary or councillor pensionary | Dutch | Executive | Appointed | National |
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua or Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua | Thai | Executive | Hereditary | National |
Somdet Phra Akkhara Mahesi | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Phra Mahesi | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Phra Sanom | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Somdet Chao Fa | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Phra Ong Chao | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Mom Chao | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Chao Fa | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Mom Rachawong | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Mom Luang | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Mom | Thai | Ceremonial | Hereditary | Courtly |
Somdet Krom Phraya or Somdet Phra | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Krom Phra | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Kromma Luang | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Kromma Khun | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Kromma Muen | Thai | Ceremonial | Appointed | Courtly |
Chao Phraya | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Phraya | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Provincial |
Phra | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Luang | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Khun | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Meun | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Phan | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Nai | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Local |
Chao | Thai | Executive | Appointed | Tribal |
Nayok Ratthamontri | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | National |
Phu Wa | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Provincial |
Nayok | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Local |
Ratthamontri | Thai | Executive | Elected / Appointed | Institutional |