| Listeriosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Diarrhea, fever, headache |
| Complications | Stillbirth or spontaneous abortion (pregnant women) |
| Causes | Listeria monocytogenes |
| Risk factors | Immunocompromisation, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus |
| Diagnostic method | Culture of blood or spinal fluid |
| Prevention | Safe handling and preparation of food, Pasteurisation, avoidance of soft cheese by pregnant women |
| Treatment | Ampicillin, gentamicin |
| Prognosis | Usually self limited |
| Deaths | 20–30% |
Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes,[1] although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases. Listeriosis can cause severe illness, including severe sepsis, meningitis, or encephalitis, sometimes resulting in lifelong harm and even death. Those at risk of severe illness are the elderly, fetuses, newborns and those who are immunocompromised. In pregnant women it may cause stillbirth or spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth is common. Listeriosis may cause mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis and fever in anyone.[2]
Listeria is ubiquitous and is primarily transmitted via the oral route after ingestion of contaminated food products, after which the bacteria penetrates the intestinal tract to cause systemic infections. The diagnosis of listeriosis requires the isolation of the causative bacteria from the blood or the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment includes prolonged administration of antibiotics, primarily ampicillin and gentamicin, to which the organism is usually susceptible.
- ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2003). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ de Noordhout CM, Devleesschauwer B, Angulo FJ, Verbeke G, Haagsma J, Kirk M, Havelaar A, Speybroeck N (November 2014). "The global burden of listeriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (11): 1073–1082. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70870-9. PMC 4369580. PMID 25241232.