Liu Zhiqian

Liu Qian (劉謙)[1][2] or Liu Zhiqian (劉知謙)[3][4] (d. 894), posthumously honored by Southern Han as Emperor Shengwu (聖武皇帝, "holy and martial") with the temple name of Daizu (代祖), was an army officer of the Chinese Tang dynasty's Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong). Liu Qian, due to his accomplishments, came to hold Lingnan East's Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong) as its prefect, and build up his army strength there, eventually, after his death, allowing his son Liu Yin to take over all of Qinghai Circuit and then for Liu Yin's younger brother Liu Yan to establish a new state of Southern Han.

  1. ^ History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 135.
  2. ^ New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 65.
  3. ^ New Book of Tang, vol. 190.
  4. ^ Most traditional sources render his name Liu Qian rather than Liu Zhiqian (e.g., the History of the Five Dynasties and the New History of the Five Dynasties), but the only traditional source that contained an actual biography for him (rather than just referred to him in his sons' biographies) (the New Book of Tang) referred to him as Liu Zhiqian, appearing to believe that the other sources incorrectly removed "Zhi" as they might have relied on Later Han dynasty sources (which would have removed "Zhi" to observe naming taboo for Later Han's founding emperor Emperor Gaozu of Later Han (Liu Zhiyuan)). The inconsistency existed despite the fact that the Song dynasty historian Ouyang Xiu was the lead editor of both the New Book of Tang and the New History of the Five Dynasties.