LoRa

For the deep learning fine-tuning technique, see Fine-tuning (deep learning) § Low-rank_adaptation.
LoRa
A LoRa module
Developed byCycleo, Semtech
Connector typeSPI/I2C
Compatible hardwareSX1261, SX1262, SX1268, SX1272, SX1276, SX1278
Physical range>10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in perfect conditions

LoRa (from "Long Range") is a physical proprietary radio communication technique.[1] It is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology.[2] It was developed by Cycleo, a company of Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014.[3] Cycleo was later acquired by Semtech.[4]

LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) defines the communication protocol and system architecture. LoRaWAN is an official standard of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ITU-T Y.4480.[5] The continued development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-profit LoRa Alliance, of which Semtech is a founding member.

Together, LoRa and LoRaWAN define a low-power, wide-area (LPWA) networking protocol designed to wirelessly connect battery operated devices to the Internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of things (IoT) requirements, such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility and localization services. The low power, low bit rate, and IoT use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LoRaWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.[6]

Internet of things (IoT)
General concepts
Communication protocols
  1. ^ "What is LoRa?". Semtech. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  2. ^ "LoRa Modulation Basics" (PDF). Semtech. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-18. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  3. ^ US 9647718, "Wireless communication method", issued 2017-05-09 
  4. ^ "Semtech Acquires Wireless Long Range IP Provider Cycleo". Design And Reuse. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  5. ^ "LoRaWAN® recognized as ITU International LPWAN standard". eenewswireless. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  6. ^ Ferran Adelantado, Xavier Vilajosana, Pere Tuset-Peiro, Borja Martinez, Joan Melià-Seguí and Thomas Watteyne. Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN (January 2017).