Louis Anseaume (1721 – 7 July 1784) was a French playwright and librettist from Paris.
He contributed the words for operas by André Ernest Modeste Grétry, Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny, Egidio Romualdo Duni, Christoph Willibald Gluck, and François-André Danican Philidor. He is credited with developing the genre of comédie mêlée d'ariettes ('comedy mixed with ariettes'), a type of opéra comique.
A prompter and répétiteur at Comédie Italienne, he was deputy director of the Opéra-Comique and wrote some forty plays, often in collaboration with Charles-Simon Favart, including several opéras-comiques with Duni:
He was one of the founders of the French opéra comique genre.