Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse

Louis I
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Reign14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830
SuccessorLouis II
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Reign6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806
PredecessorLouis IX
Born(1753-06-14)14 June 1753
Prenzlau, Brandenburg
Died6 April 1830(1830-04-06) (aged 76)
Darmstadt, Hesse
Spouse
(m. 1777; died 1829)
IssueGrand Duke Louis II
Princess Louise
Prince George
Prince Frederick
Prince Emil
Prince Gustav
HouseHesse-Darmstadt
FatherLouis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
MotherCountess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

Louis was the son of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and succeeded his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801–1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne. Allied to Napoleon I of France, Louis in 1806 was elevated to the title of a Grand Duke of Hesse and joined the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis had to give up his Westphalian territories, but was compensated with the district of Rheinhessen on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.