| Low-set ears | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Medical genetics  |
Low-set ears are a clinical feature in which the ears are positioned lower on the head than usual. They are present in many congenital conditions. Low-set ears are defined as the outer ears being positioned two or more standard deviations lower than the population average.[1] Clinically, if the point at which the helix (curved upper part) of the outer ear meets the cranium is at or below the line connecting the inner canthi of eyes (the bicanthal plane), the ears are considered low set.[2][1]
Low-set ears can be associated with conditions such as:
- Down syndrome[3]
- Turner syndrome
- Noonan syndrome[4]
- Patau syndrome[5]
- DiGeorge syndrome[6]
- Cri du chat syndrome
- Edwards syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
- Okamoto syndrome
It is usually bilateral, but it can be unilateral (one sided) in Goldenhar syndrome.[7]
- ^ a b Sivan Y, Merlob P, Reisner SH (June 1983). "Assessment of ear length and low set ears in newborn infants". J. Med. Genet. 20 (3): 213–5. doi:10.1136/jmg.20.3.213. PMC 1049049. PMID 6876114.
- ^ Lewis, Mary L. (2014-09-01). "A Comprehensive Newborn Exam: Part I. General, Head and Neck, Cardiopulmonary". American Family Physician. 90 (5): 289–296. ISSN 0002-838X.
- ^ "Down's Syndrome".
- ^ Sanchez-Cascos, A. (1983). "The Noonan syndrome". European Heart Journal. 4 (4): 223–229. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061452. PMID 6884370.
- ^ H. Bruce Ostler (2004). Diseases of the eye and skin: a color atlas. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-7817-4999-2. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
- ^ Michael Crocetti; Michael A. Barone; Frank A. Oski (2004). Oski's essential pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 675. ISBN 978-0-7817-3770-8. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
- ^ "ear (low set)". GPnotebook.