Ludwig III of Bavaria

Ludwig III
Ludwig III, c. 1910s
King of Bavaria
Reign5 November 1913 – 13 November 1918
PredecessorOtto
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Prime Ministers
Born(1845-01-07)7 January 1845
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Confederation
Died18 October 1921(1921-10-18) (aged 76)
Sárvár, Kingdom of Hungary
Burial
Spouse
(m. 1868; died 1919)
IssueRupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
Adelgunde, Princess of Hohenzollern
Princess Maria, Duchess of Calabria
Prince Karl
Prince Franz
Mathilde, Princess Ludwig of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Wolfgang
Princess Hildegarde
Princess Notburga
Wiltrud, Duchess of Urach
Princess Helmtrud
Princess Dietlinde
Gundelinde, Countess of Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos
HouseWittelsbach
FatherLuitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
MotherArchduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria
ReligionRoman Catholic
SignatureLudwig III's signature

Ludwig III (Ludwig Luitpold Josef Maria Aloys Alfred; 7 January 1845 – 18 October 1921) was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918. Initially, he served in the Bavarian military as a lieutenant and went on to hold the rank of Oberleutnant during the Austro-Prussian War. He entered politics at the age of 18 becoming a member of the Bavarian parliament and was a keen participant in politics, supporting electoral reforms. Later in life, he served as regent and de facto head of state from 1912 to 1913, ruling for his cousin, Otto. After the Bavarian parliament passed a law allowing him to do so, Ludwig deposed Otto and assumed the throne for himself. He led Bavaria during World War I. His short reign was seen as championing conservative causes and he was influenced by the Catholic encyclical Rerum novarum.

After the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the German Empire was dissolved and the Weimar Republic was created. As a result of this revolution, the Bavarian throne was abolished along with the other monarchies of the German states, ending the House of Wittelsbach's 738-year reign over Bavaria. Fearing that he might be a victim of an assassination, Ludwig fled to Hungary, Liechtenstein and then Switzerland. He returned to Bavaria in 1920 and lived at Wildenwart Castle. Ludwig would die shortly after, when he was staying at Nádasdy Mansion in Sárvár.