Lute

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Lute

Renaissance lute in 2013
String instrument
Classification	String instrument (plucked)
Hornbostel–Sachs classification	321 (Composite chordophone)
Developed	Classical antiquity (early lutes) Middle Ages (modern lutes)
Related instruments
List Angélique Archlute Barbat (lute) Chitarra Italiana Guitar Mandocello Mandola Mandolin Mandolute Oud Pipa Setar Taar Theorbo Torban
Musicians
List Barbad Xavier Díaz-Latorre Johann Georg Hamann Lutz Kirchhof Christopher Wilke Hopkinson Smith Jozef van Wissem Eduardo Eguez
Builders
List Andrew Rutherford Cezar Mateus

A lute (/ljuːt/^[1] or /luːt/) is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body. It may be either fretted or unfretted.

More specifically, the term "lute" commonly refers to an instrument from the family of European lutes which were themselves influenced by Indian short-necked lutes in Gandhara which became the predecessor of the Islamic, the Sino-Japanese and the European lute families.^[2] The term also refers generally to any necked string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel–Sachs system).

The strings are attached to pegs or posts at the end of the neck, which have some type of turning mechanism to enable the player to tighten the tension on the string or loosen the tension before playing (which respectively raise or lower the pitch of a string), so that each string is tuned to a specific pitch (or note). The lute is plucked or strummed with one hand while the other hand "frets" (presses down) the strings on the neck's fingerboard. By pressing the strings on different places of the fingerboard, the player can shorten or lengthen the part of the string that is vibrating, thus producing higher or lower pitches (notes).

The European lute and the modern Near-Eastern oud descend from a common ancestor via diverging evolutionary paths. The lute is used in a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance.^[3] During the Baroque music era, the lute was used as one of the instruments that played the basso continuo accompaniment parts. It is also an accompanying instrument in vocal works. The lute player either improvises ("realizes") a chordal accompaniment based on the figured bass part, or plays a written-out accompaniment (both music notation and tablature ("tab") are used for lute). As a small instrument, the lute produces a relatively quiet sound. The player of a lute is called a lutenist, lutanist or lutist, and a maker of lutes (or any similar string instrument, or violin family instruments) is referred to as a luthier.