Lyapunov vector


In applied mathematics and dynamical system theory, Lyapunov vectors, named after Aleksandr Lyapunov, describe characteristic expanding and contracting directions of a dynamical system. They have been used in predictability analysis and as initial perturbations for ensemble forecasting in numerical weather prediction.[1] In modern practice they are often replaced by bred vectors for this purpose.[2]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kalnay07 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kalnay02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).