| Lymphangitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Inflamed lymph vessels[1] |
 | |
| Forearm lymphangitis due to cellulitis of the hand | |
| Specialty | Angiology  |
Lymphangitis is an inflammation or an infection of the lymphatic channels[2] that occurs as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel. It may present as long red streaks spreading away from the site of infection. It is a possible medical emergency as involvement of the lymphatic system allows for an infection to spread rapidly. The most common cause of lymphangitis in humans is bacteria, in which case sepsis and death could result within hours if left untreated. The most commonly involved bacteria include Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) and hemolytic streptococci. In some cases, it can be caused by viruses such as mononucleosis or cytomegalovirus, as well as specific conditions such as tuberculosis or syphilis, and the fungus Sporothrix schenckii.[3]. Other causes of Lymphangitis could be from Arthropod bites and Iatrogenic causes[4]. Lymphangitis is sometimes mistakenly called "blood poisoning". In reality, "blood poisoning" is synonymous with sepsis.
Lymphatic vessels are smaller than capillaries and tiny venules and are ubiquitous in the body. These vessels are fitted with valves to direct flow in only one direction. Fluid diffusing through the thin-walled small capillaries should be collected and the lymphatic system does just that: a fluid rich in protein, minerals, nutrients, and other substances useful for tissue growth. As well as essential nutrients, the lymphatic system can also transport or carry cancer cells, defective or damaged cells, and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, as well as foreign bodies and organisms. The lymph nodes are found in proximity to unique white blood cells that engulf or metabolize pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and defective or cancerous cells, preventing infections and malignant cancer cells from spreading.
[5] Infection spreads out of the wound site to enter the lymphatic system. The wound may be small or it may be an abscess constantly feeding bacteria into the lymphatic system. After infection, lymph nodes enlarge. Ear, skin, nose, and eye infections can spread into the lymphatic system. Red streaks in the skin along the direction of regional lymph nodes indicate lymphatic involvement. Infection may spread within hours and can cause sepsis and death.
- ^ "Lymphangitis : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ "Lymphangitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Sporothrix spp. Archived 2013-04-14 at archive.today Doctor Fungus
- ^ Cohen BE, Nagler AR, Pomeranz MK. Nonbacterial Causes of Lymphangitis with Streaking. J Am Board Fam Med. 2016 Nov 12;29(6):808-812. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.06.160015. PMID: 28076265.
- ^ "Medically Sound: Awash with Protein-rich Fluid, the Lymphatic System Invites for a Direct Invasion by Microbes". Medically Sound. 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2020-11-07.