MAP kinase kinase kinase

"mkkk" redirects here. For other uses, see MKKK.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
Identifiers
EC no.2.7.11.25
CAS no.146702-84-3
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
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NCBIproteins

Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK,[1] MKKK,[2] M3K,[3] or, MAP3K[4]) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinase kinase. Subsequently, MAP kinase kinase activates MAP kinase. Several types of MAPKKK can exist but are mainly characterized by the MAP kinases they activate. MAPKKKs are stimulated by a large range of stimuli, primarily environmental and intracellular stressors. MAPKKK is responsible for various cell functions such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The duration and intensity of signals determine which pathway ensues. Additionally, the use of protein scaffolds helps to place the MAPKKK in close proximity with its substrate to allow for a reaction.[5] Lastly, because MAPKKK is involved in a series of several pathways, it has been used as a therapeutic target for cancer, amyloidosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. In humans, there are at least 19 genes which encode MAP kinase kinase kinases:

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference 10.1038/s41598-017-13627-2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.04.004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference 10.1038/s41467-019-13875-y was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference 10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_7192 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Morrison, Deborah K. (2012-11-01). "MAP Kinase Pathways". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 4 (11): a011254. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011254. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 3536342. PMID 23125017.
  6. ^ "TAOK3 TAO kinase 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  7. ^ "TAOK3 Gene - GeneCards | TAOK3 Protein | TAOK3 Antibody". www.genecards.org. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  8. ^ "TAOK3 - Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO3 - Homo sapiens (Human) - TAOK3 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2022-01-04.