MAX phases

The MAX phases are layered, hexagonal carbides and nitrides which have the general formula: M_n+1AX_n, (MAX) where n = 1 to 4,^[1] and M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group (mostly IIIA and IVA, or groups 13 and 14) element and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen. The layered structure consists of edge-sharing, distorted XM₆ octahedra interleaved by single planar layers of the A-group element.

**A list of the MAX phases known to date, in both bulk and thin film form:**^[2]
211	Ti₂CdC, Sc₂InC, Sc₂SnC,Ti₂AlC, Ti₂GaC, Ti₂InC, Ti₂TlC, V₂AlC, V₂GaC, Cr₂GaC, Ti₂AlN, Ti₂GaN, Ti₂InN, V₂GaN, Cr₂GaN, Ti₂GeC, Ti₂SnC, Ti₂PbC, V₂GeC, Cr₂AlC, Cr₂GeC, V₂PC, V₂AsC, Ti₂SC, Zr₂InC, Zr₂TlC, Nb₂AlC, Nb₂GaC, Nb₂InC, Mo₂GaC, Zr₂InN, Zr₂TlN, Zr₂SnC, Zr₂PbC, Nb₂SnC, Nb₂PC, Nb₂AsC, Zr₂SC, Nb₂SC, Hf₂InC, Hf₂TlC, Ta₂AlC, Ta₂GaC, Hf₂SnC, Hf₂PbC, Hf₂SnN, Hf₂SC, Zr₂AlC, Ti₂ZnC, Ti₂ZnN, V₂ZnC, Nb₂CuC, Mn₂GaC, Mo₂AuC, Ti₂AuN
312	Ti₃AlC₂, Ti₃GaC₂, Ti₃InC₂, V₃AlC₂, Ti₃SiC₂, Ti₃GeC₂, Ti₃SnC₂, Ta₃AlC₂, Ti₃ZnC₂, Zr₃AlC₂
413	Ti₄AlN₃, V₄AlC₃, Ti₄GaC₃, Ti₄SiC₃, Ti₄GeC₃, Nb₄AlC₃, Ta₄AlC₃, (Mo,V)₄AlC₃
514	Mo₄VAlC₄

^ Deysher, Grayson; Shuck, Christopher Eugene; Hantanasirisakul, Kanit; Frey, Nathan C.; Foucher, Alexandre C.; Maleski, Kathleen; Sarycheva, Asia; Shenoy, Vivek B.; Stach, Eric A.; Anasori, Babak; Gogotsi, Yury (5 December 2019). "Synthesis of Mo₄VAlC₄ MAX Phase and Two-Dimensional Mo₄VC₄ MXene with Five Atomic Layers of Transition Metals". ACS Nano. 14 (1): 204–217. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b07708. OSTI 1774171. PMID 31804797. S2CID 208768008.
^ Eklund, P.; Beckers, M.; Jansson U.; Högberg, H.; Hultman, L. (2010). "The M_n+1AX_n phases: Materials science and thin-film processing". Thin Solid Films. 518 (8): 1851–1878. Bibcode:2010TSF...518.1851E. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.184.

[Synthesis_of_Mo-1] Deysher, Grayson; Shuck, Christopher Eugene; Hantanasirisakul, Kanit; Frey, Nathan C.; Foucher, Alexandre C.; Maleski, Kathleen; Sarycheva, Asia; Shenoy, Vivek B.; Stach, Eric A.; Anasori, Babak; Gogotsi, Yury (5 December 2019). "Synthesis of Mo₄VAlC₄ MAX Phase and Two-Dimensional Mo₄VC₄ MXene with Five Atomic Layers of Transition Metals". ACS Nano. 14 (1): 204–217. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b07708. OSTI 1774171. PMID 31804797. S2CID 208768008.

[2] Eklund, P.; Beckers, M.; Jansson U.; Högberg, H.; Hultman, L. (2010). "The M_n+1AX_n phases: Materials science and thin-film processing". Thin Solid Films. 518 (8): 1851–1878. Bibcode:2010TSF...518.1851E. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.184.

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