Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh
State
State of Madhya Pradesh
Official emblem of Madhya Pradesh
Emblem of Madhya Pradesh
Etymology: Central Province
Nickname: 
"Heart of India"
Motto: 
Satyameva Jayate ('Truth alone triumphs')
Anthem: Mera Madhya Pradesh (My Madhya Pradesh)[1]
The map of India showing Madhya Pradesh
Location of Madhya Pradesh in India
CountryIndia
RegionCentral India
Before wasCentral Provinces and Berar
Formation26 January 1950
CapitalBhopal
Largest cityIndore
Districts55 (10 divisions)
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Madhya Pradesh
 • GovernorMangubhai C. Patel
 • Chief ministerMohan Yadav (BJP)
 • Deputy chief ministerJagdish Devda (BJP)
Rajendra Shukla (BJP)
State LegislatureUnicameral
 • AssemblyMadhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly (230 seats)
National ParliamentParliament of India
 • Rajya Sabha11 seats
 • Lok Sabha29 seats
High CourtMadhya Pradesh High Court
Area
 • Total
308,252 km2 (119,017 sq mi)
 • Rank2nd
Dimensions
 • Length605 km (376 mi)
 • Width870 km (540 mi)
Elevation
400 m (1,300 ft)
Highest elevation
(Dhupgarh[2])
1,352 m (4,436 ft)
Lowest elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2011)[3]
 • Total
Neutral increase 72,626,809
 • Rank5th
 • Density240/km2 (600/sq mi)
 • Urban
27.63%
 • Rural
72.37%
DemonymMadhya Pradeshis
Language
 • OfficialHindi[4]
 • Official scriptDevanagari script
GDP
[6]
 • Total (2023–24)Neutral increase₹13.87 trillion (US$170 billion)
 • Rank10th
 • Per capita₹155,583.491 (US$1,864) (2023)[5] (26th)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-MP
Vehicle registrationMP
HDI (2021)Increase 0.596 Medium[7] (32nd)
Literacy (2011)Increase 69.32% (28th)
Sex ratio (2011)970♀/1000 ♂[8] (15th)
Websitemp.gov.in
Symbols of Madhya Pradesh
Emblem of Madhya Pradesh
SongMera Madhya Pradesh (My Madhya Pradesh)[1]
BirdIndian paradise flycatcher
FishMahseer
FlowerWhite lily
FruitMango
MammalBarasingha
TreeBanyan Tree
State highway mark
State highway of Madhya Pradesh
MP SH1 – MP SH53
List of Indian state symbols

Madhya Pradesh (/ˌmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/;[9] Hindi: [ˈməd̪ʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ] ⓘ; lit. 'Central Province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and its largest city is Indore. Other major cities of the state are Jabalpur and Gwalior. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.[10]

The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. The Maratha Empire dominated the majority of the 18th century. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War in the 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. Some years after India's independence, the Central Provinces and Berar was renamed as Madhya Pradesh with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State. This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was designated a separate state.

Madhya Pradesh's economy is the 10th-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹9.17 trillion (US$110 billion) and has the country's 26th highest per-capita income of ₹ 109,372.[6] Madhya Pradesh ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index.[11] Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. 25.14% of its area is under forest cover.[12] Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11.[13] In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average.[14] In 2019–20, state's GSDP was recorded at 9.07.[15]

  1. ^ "MP: State Song to be Sung Along with National Anthem". Outlook. 12 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  2. ^ Kohli, M. S. (2002). Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-135-1.
  3. ^ "2011 Census of India" (PDF). Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  4. ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 122–126. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  5. ^ Records, Official. "Economic Survey of Madhya Pradesh 2021–22" (PDF). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Madhya Pradesh. Department of Planning, Economics & Statistics, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  6. ^ a b "MOSPI State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India". 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database".
  8. ^ "Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)". Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Madhya Pradesh". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "Human Development Index Across Indian States: Is the Glass Still Half Empty?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  12. ^ "India State of Forest Report 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  13. ^ "Madhya Pradesh topped the National Tourism Awards 2010–11". jagranjosh.com. 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  14. ^ "Madhya Pradesh topples Bihar, new No 1 in economic growth". Economic Times. 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  15. ^ "Madhya Pradesh Presentation and Economy Growth Report | IBEF". ibef.org. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2021.