 11 out of the 40 cards | |
| Origin | China |
|---|---|
| Type | Trick-taking game |
| Players | 4 |
| Skills | Tactics and strategy |
| Cards | 40 money-suited cards |
| Play | Counter-clockwise |
| Playing time | 20 minutes |
| Chance | Medium |
Madiao (simplified Chinese: 马吊; traditional Chinese: 馬弔; pinyin: mǎdiào), also ma diao, ma tiu or ma tiao,[1] is a late imperial Chinese trick-taking gambling card game,[2] also known as the game of paper tiger. The deck used was recorded by Lu Rong in the 15th century[3] and the rules later by Pan Zhiheng and Feng Menglong during the early 17th century.[4] Korean poet Jang Hon (1759-1828) wrote that the game dates back to the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368).[5] It continued to be popular during the Qing dynasty until around the mid-19th century.[2] It is played with 40 cards, and four players.[6]
In Chinese, mǎ (马) means "horse" and diao (吊) means "hanged" or "lifted". The name of the game comes from the fact that three players team against the banker, like a horse raising one shoe (banker), with the other three remaining hooves on the ground (three players).
- ^ Wong Siu Fat, The Suffocated (28 January 2011). "Rules of Luk Fu, a Hakka card game". Alone in the Fart. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ a b Saunders, Gareth. "An On-line history of Mah Jong". Garethjmsaunders.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
- ^ Lo, Andrew (2000). "The Late Ming Game of Ma Diao". The Playing-Card. 29 (3): 115–136.
- ^ Lo, Andrew (2004), "China's Passion for Pai: Playing Cards, Dominoes, and Mahjong". In: Mackenzie, C. and Finkel, I., (eds.), Asian Games: The Art of Contest. New York: Asia Society, pp. 216-231.
- ^ Yi, I-Hwa (2006). Korea's Pastimes and Customs: A Social History (1st American ed.). Hong Kong: Hangilsa Publishing Co. p. 31.
- ^ Elvin, Mark (1997). Changing Stories in the Chinese World. Stanford University Press. pp. 46. ISBN 0804730911.
Game of MaDiao.