Madrid

This article is about the capital city of Spain. For the autonomous community, see Community of Madrid. For other uses, see Madrid (disambiguation).

Madrid
Capital city and municipality
Skyline of Madrid from Edificio España
Puerta de Alcalá
Plaza Mayor
Gran Vía and Callao
Municipal Hall
Royal Palace and Almudena Cathedral
Flag of Madrid
Flag
Coat of arms of Madrid
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Madrid
Madrid is located in Spain
Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is located in Europe
Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is located in Earth
Madrid
Madrid
Coordinates: 40°25′01″N 03°42′12″W / 40.41694°N 3.70333°W / 40.41694; -3.70333
CountrySpain
Autonomous communityCommunity of Madrid
Founded9th century
Government
 • TypeAyuntamiento
 • BodyCity Council of Madrid
 • MayorJosé Luis Martínez-Almeida (PP)
Area
604.31 km2 (233.33 sq mi)
Elevation
650 m (2,130 ft)
Population
 (2018)[3]
3,223,334
 • Rank2nd in the European Union
1st in Spain
 • Density5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
6,211,000[2]
 • Metro
6,791,667[1]
Demonym(s)Madrilenian, Madrilene
madrileño, -ña; matritense,
gato, -a
GDP
[4]
 • Capital city and municipality€135.6 billion (2020)[5]
 • Metro€261.7 billion (2022)[6]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
28001–28080
Area code+34 (ES) + 91 (M)
HDI (2021)0.940[7]
very high · 1st
Websitehttps://madrid.es

Madrid (/məˈdrɪd/ ⓘ mə-DRID; Spanish: [maˈðɾið] ⓘ)[n. 1] is the capital and most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.4 million[10] inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU.[2][11][12] The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.[13] Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about 650 meters above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983),[14]: 44  it is also the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country.[15] The climate of Madrid features hot summers and cool winters. The primitive core of Madrid, a walled military outpost, dates back to the late 9th century, under the Emirate of Córdoba. Conquered by Christians in 1083 or 1085, it consolidated in the Late Middle Ages as a sizeable town of the Crown of Castile. The development of Madrid as administrative centre fostered after 1561, as it became the permanent seat of the court of the Hispanic Monarchy.

The Madrid urban agglomeration has the fourth-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.[16][17] Madrid is considered the major financial centre[18] and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe.[19][17] The metropolitan area hosts major Spanish companies such as Telefónica, Iberia, BBVA and FCC.[14]: 45  It concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the Spanish-speaking city generating the largest number of webpages.[14]: 45 

Madrid houses the headquarters of the UN's World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the Instituto Cervantes and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish (FundéuRAE). Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR,[20] ARCO,[21] SIMO TCI[22] and the Madrid Fashion Week.[23] Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid.

While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Its landmarks include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace of Madrid; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House; the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; many national museums,[24] and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sofía Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.[25] The mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People's Party.[26]

  1. ^ "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  3. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  4. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023.
  5. ^ "Indicador del PIB por zonas estadísticas y por municipios", www.madrid.org (in Spanish)
  6. ^ "EU regions by GDP, Eurostat". www.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  8. ^ Molina Martos, Isabel (2016). "Variación de la -/d/ final de palabra en Madrid: ¿prestigio abierto o encubierto?". Boletín de Filología. 51 (2): 347–367. doi:10.4067/S0718-93032016000200013. ISSN 0718-9303.
  9. ^ Salgado, Cristóbal González (2012). Eñe B1.2: der Spanischkurs. Hueber Verlag. p. 91. ISBN 978-3-19-004294-4. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Major Agglomerations of the World". Population Statistics and Maps. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  12. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision) Archived 25 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine, (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
  13. ^ "Member of the Governing Council. Delegate for Economy, Employment and Citizen Involvement" (PDF). p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  14. ^ a b c Moreno-Fernández, Francisco (2020). "Local and global elements of Spanish in Madrid". In Lynch, Andrew (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Spanish in the Global City. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge. pp. 43–72. ISBN 978-1-138-86066-7.
  15. ^ "Madrid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  16. ^ Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network, Loughborough University. "The World According to GaWC 2010". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Global Power City Index 2009" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  18. ^ "Global Financial Centers Index". Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  19. ^ "Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  20. ^ "FITUR". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  21. ^ "Arte Contemporaneo en España – ARCOmadrid". Ifema.es. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  22. ^ "SIMO EDUCACIÓN – Learning Technology Exhibition – Home". www.ifema.es. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  23. ^ "Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week". Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  24. ^ "Arquitectura. Edificios de los Museos Estatales". Mcu.es. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  25. ^ "Geography of Madrid". Easy expat. 11 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
  26. ^ "José Luis Martínez-Almeida Navasqüés". www.themayor.eu. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2023.


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