The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations.[1][2] Over time, this has come to include multiple wordings that describe various cost-effective practices to keep equipment operational; these activities occur either before[3] or after a failure.
All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. These include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision actions.