Makemake

This article is about the dwarf planet. For the Rapa Nui god, see Makemake (deity). For other uses, see Makemake (disambiguation).

136472 Makemake
Low-resolution image of Makemake and its unnamed moon S/2015 (136472) 1 by the Hubble Space Telescope, April 2015
Discovery
Discovered by
Discovery dateMarch 31, 2005
Designations
(136472) Makemake
PronunciationUK: /ˌmækiˈmæki/, US: /ˌmɑːkiˈmɑːki/ or /ˌmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/ ⓘ[a]
Named after
Makemake
2005 FY9
AdjectivesMakemakean[6][7]
Symbol🝼 (mostly astrological)
Orbital characteristics[8]
Epoch May 31, 2020
(JD 2458900.5)
Earliest precovery dateJanuary 29, 1955
Aphelion52.756 AU (7.8922 Tm)
Perihelion38.104 AU (5.7003 Tm)
45.430 AU (6.7962 Tm)
Eccentricity0.16126
306.21 yr (111,845 d)
4.419 km/s
165.514°
Inclination28.9835°
79.620°
17 November 2186[9]
294.834°
Known satellites1 (S/2015 (136472) 1)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions
(1434+48
−18) × projected (1420+18
−24 km)[10]
Flattening0.0098[c]
6.42×106 km2[d][11]
Volume1.53×109 km3[d][12]
Mass≈ 3.1×1021 kg[13]
Mean density
  • ≈ 1.7 g/cm3 (using Ortiz et al. 2012 radius)
  • ≈ 2.1 g/cm3 (using Brown 2013 radius[10])[13]
Equatorial surface gravity
< 0.57 m/s2
Equatorial escape velocity
< 0.91 km/s
22.8266±0.0001 h[14]
Temperature
  • 32–36 K (single-terrain model)
  • 40–44 K (two-terrain model)[16]
B−V=0.83, V−R=0.5[17]
17.0 (opposition)[18][19]

Makemake[e] (minor-planet designation: 136472 Makemake) is a dwarf planet and the largest of what is known as the classical population of Kuiper belt objects,[b] with a diameter approximately that of Saturn's moon Iapetus, or 60% that of Pluto.[24][25] It has one known satellite.[26] Its extremely low average temperature, about 40 K (−230 °C), means its surface is covered with methane, ethane, and possibly nitrogen ices.[21] Makemake shows signs of geothermal activity and thus may be capable of supporting active geology and harboring an active subsurface ocean.[27]

Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005 by a team led by Michael E. Brown, and announced on July 29, 2005. It was initially known as 2005 FY9 and later given the minor-planet number 136472. In July 2008, it was named after Makemake, a creator god in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island, under the expectation by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) that it would prove to be a dwarf planet.[25][28][29][30]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference brownblog was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference brownblog2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference MW was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Podcast Dwarf Planet Haumea Archived 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine (Darin Ragozzine, at 3′11″)
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference MPEC2009-P26 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, no. 3-5 (1953)
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference ParkerA2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference jpldata was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horizons2186 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Brown2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "surface ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  12. ^ "volume ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  13. ^ a b Parker et al. (2018) The Mass, Density, and Figure of the Kuiper Belt Dwarf Planet Makemake
  14. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Hromakina2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Verbiscer2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ortiz2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Snodgrass2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference AstDys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horizons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Buie was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference Delsanti2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference MPC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lim2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IAU0806 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference HubbleSite was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ "Astronomers Uncover Surprising Activity on the Dwarf Planets Eris and Makemake". 20 February 2024.
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference name was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tancredi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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