Masagana 99

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Masagana 99 was an agricultural program of then Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos to increase rice production among Filipino farmers.[1][2][3] The program was launched in 1973 at a time the country was experiencing a rice supply shortage. By promoting high yield varieties, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides,[4] the program initially allowed the Philippines to attain self-sufficiency in 1975–1976, and export rice to its neighboring Asian countries in 1977–1978. By 1980, however, problems with the credit scheme rendered the loans accessible only to rich landowners while leaving poor farmers in debt.[1] The program was also noted to have become a vehicle of political patronage.[5][2][6]

By 1984, the Marcos administration shifted its focus away from Masagana 99 and towards different programs.[2][7]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Esguerra1980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference MiguelPaoloJoelandLarah was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Joel F. Ariate Jr., Miguel Paolo P. Reyes, Larah Vinda Del Mundo, and JC Punongbayan (2023) [December 14, 2023]. Ani Na o Ano Na? Masagana 99 Revisited (Video). The Bangkulálâ S&T Policy Fora at UP Clark. Mabalacat, Pampanga: UP Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bautista1983 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Davidson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Tadem, Eduardo C. (2015-09-02). "Marcoses should apologize to Filipino farmers". Inquirer. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  7. ^ Caña, Paul John (2020-05-23). "What Was the Masagana 99 Program and Why Do Some People Want it Back?". Esquire. Retrieved 2021-11-02.