Mason-Pfizer monkey virus

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Ortervirales
Family: Retroviridae
Genus: Betaretrovirus
Species:
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus
Member viruses[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Simian retrovirus (SRV)
  • Simian type D virus 1

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), formerly Simian retrovirus (SRV), is a species of retroviruses that usually infect and cause a fatal immune deficiency in Asian macaques.[3] The ssRNA virus appears sporadically in mammary carcinoma of captive macaques at breeding facilities which expected as the natural host, but the prevalence of this virus in feral macaques remains unknown.[4] M-PMV was transmitted naturally by virus-containing body fluids (saliva, urine, blood, etc.), via biting, scratching, grooming, and fighting. Cross contaminated instruments or equipment (fomite) can also spread this virus among animals.

Some clinical and pathological symptoms of M-PMV-infected newborn rhesus macaques are diarrhea, weight loss, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, neutropenia, and neoplastic diseases (retroperitoneal fibromatosis or rare B-cell lymphomas). Infected new-born Rhesus monkeys may develop immunodeficiency disease accompanied by opportunistic infections.[5] To prevent the infection of this virus, two vaccines have been developed: a formalin-inactivated vaccine SRV-1 and a recombinant vaccine expressing M-PMV envelope glycoprotein gp70 and gp22.[3]

M-PMV-based vector is a candidate for delivering therapeutic genes in human gene transfer. Based on the M-PMV 1) promoter region remain transcriptionally active in human cells and 2) the constitutive transport element (CTE) expression in the target cells aids the facilitation of the nuclear export for the gene therapy.[5]

  1. ^ "ICTV 9th Report (2011) Retroviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  2. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Mason-Pfizer monkey virus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b Montiel NA (October 2010). "An updated review of simian betaretrovirus (SRV) in macaque hosts". Journal of Medical Primatology. 39 (5): 303–14. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00412.x. PMID 20412379. S2CID 27784098.
  4. ^ Iskandriati D, Saepuloh U, Mariya S, Grant RF, Solihin DD, Sajuthi D, Pamungkas J (2010). "Isolation and Characterization of Simian Retrovirus Type D from Macaca fascicularis and M. nemestrina in Indonesia". Microbiology Indonesia. 4 (3): 132–6. doi:10.5454/mi.4.3.6.
  5. ^ a b Pitchai, Fathima Nuzra Nagoor; Ali, Lizna; Pillai, Vineeta Narayana; Chameettachal, Akhil; Ashraf, Syed Salman; Mustafa, Farah; Marquet, Roland; Rizvi, Tahir Aziz (2018-08-07). "Expression, purification, and characterization of biologically active full-length Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) Pr78Gag". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 11793. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811793P. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30142-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6081465. PMID 30087395.