Approximately 30,000 Jews in Germany and Austria were deported within the region or the country after the Kristallnacht of 9/10 November 1938.[1][2] They were taken to the concentration camps Buchenwald, Dachau and Sachsenhausen by the NSDAP organizations and the police in the days after the pogrom. This put pressure on the deportees and their relatives in order to speed up the only seemingly voluntary emigration from their homeland and to "Aryanize" Jewish assets.[3] The vast majority of the detainees were released by the beginning of 1939. Around 500 Jews were murdered, committed suicide or died as a result of ill-treatment and refused medical treatment in the concentration camps.
According to contemporary witnesses, the perpetrators' designation as Aktionsjuden was common at least in the Buchenwald concentration camp.[4] Presumably the name was derived from Aktion Rath, as the pogrom was sometimes called.[5]
- ^ Der Ort des Terrors : Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager. Benz, Wolfgang., Distel, Barbara. München: C.H. Beck. 2005. pp. 156, 161. ISBN 978-3-406-52960-3. OCLC 58602670.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Wünschmann, Kim. Before Auschwitz : Jewish prisoners in the prewar concentration camps. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-674-42556-9. OCLC 904398276.
- ^ Mitglieder der Häftlingsgesellschaft auf Zeit. "Die Aktionsjuden". Bader, Uwe. Dachau: Verl. Dachauer Hefte. 2005. p. 179. ISBN 3-9808587-6-6. OCLC 181469918.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Mitglieder der Häftlingsgesellschaft auf Zeit. "Die Aktionsjuden". Wolfgang Benz. Dachau: Verl. Dachauer Hefte. 2005. p. 187. ISBN 3-9808587-6-6. OCLC 181469918.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Der Ort des Terrors : Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager/ Masseneinweisungen in Konzentrationslager. Stefanie Schüler-Springorum. München: Benz, Wolfgang. 2005. p. 161. ISBN 3-406-52961-5. OCLC 58602670.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)