Meitnerium

Meitnerium, 109Mt
Meitnerium
Pronunciation
Mass number[278] (data not decisive)[a]
Meitnerium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ir
↑
Mt
↓
—
hassium ← meitnerium → darmstadtium
Atomic number (Z)109
Groupgroup 9
Periodperiod 7
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)[6][7]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid (predicted)[8]
Density (near r.t.)27–28 g/cm3 (predicted)[9][10]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: (none)
(+1), (+3), (+6)[6]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 800 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1820 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2900 kJ/mol
  • (more) (all estimated)[6]
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm (predicted)[6][11]
Covalent radius129 pm (estimated)[12]
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure ​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for meitnerium

(predicted)[8]
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic (predicted)[13]
CAS Number54038-01-6
History
Namingafter Lise Meitner
DiscoveryGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1982)
Isotopes of meitnerium
Main isotopes[3] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
274Mt synth 0.64 s α 270Bh
276Mt synth 0.62 s α 272Bh
278Mt synth 4 s α 274Bh
282Mt synth 67 s?[5] α 278Bh
 Category: Meitnerium
| references

Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature, but can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 4.5 seconds, although the unconfirmed meitnerium-282 may have a longer half-life of 67 seconds. The element was first synthesized in 1982 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany, and it was named after Lise Meitner in 1997.

In the periodic table, meitnerium is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in the group 9 elements, although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that it behaves as the heavier homologue to iridium in group 9 as the seventh member of the 6d series of transition metals. Meitnerium is calculated to have properties similar to its lighter homologues, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium.

  1. ^ Emsley, John (2003). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198503408. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  2. ^ Meitnerium. The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. February 18, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  3. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  4. ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Kovrizhnykh, N. D.; et al. (2022). "New isotope 286Mc produced in the 243Am+48Ca reaction". Physical Review C. 106 (64306): 064306. Bibcode:2022PhRvC.106f4306O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.064306. S2CID 254435744.
  5. ^ a b Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; Burkhard, H. G.; Dahl, L.; Eberhardt, K.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Lang, R.; Lommel, B.; Miernik, K.; Miller, D.; Moody, K. J.; Morita, K.; Nishio, K.; Popeko, A. G.; Roberto, J. B.; Runke, J.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Saro, S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schött, H. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Thörle-Popiesch, P.; Tinschert, K.; Trautmann, N.; Uusitalo, J.; Yeremin, A. V. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.
  6. ^ a b c d Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
  7. ^ Thierfelder, C.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S. (2008). "Dirac-Hartree-Fock studies of X-ray transitions in meitnerium". The European Physical Journal A. 36 (2): 227. Bibcode:2008EPJA...36..227T. doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10584-7.
  8. ^ a b Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 113104. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
  9. ^ Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (May 10, 2011). "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B. 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101.
  10. ^ Kratz; Lieser (2013). Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications (3rd ed.). p. 631.
  11. ^ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  12. ^ Chemical Data. Meitnerium - Mt, Royal Chemical Society
  13. ^ Saito, Shiro L. (2009). "Hartree–Fock–Roothaan energies and expectation values for the neutral atoms He to Uuo: The B-spline expansion method". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 95 (6): 836–870. Bibcode:2009ADNDT..95..836S. doi:10.1016/j.adt.2009.06.001.


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