| Messapic | |
|---|---|
| Messapian | |
| Region | Apulian region of Italy |
| Ethnicity | Iapygians |
| Era | attested 6th to 2nd century BC[1][2][3] |
| Messapic alphabet[7] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cms |
cms | |
| Glottolog | mess1244 |
 Ethnolinguistic map of Italy in the Iron Age, before the Roman expansion and conquest of Italy | |
Messapic (/mɛˈsæpɪk, mə-, -ˈseɪ-/; also known as Messapian; or as Iapygian) is an extinct Indo-European Paleo-Balkanic language of the southeastern Italian Peninsula, once spoken in Salento by the Iapygian peoples of the region: the Calabri and Salentini (known collectively as the Messapians), the Peucetians and the Daunians.[8][9] Messapic was the pre-Roman, non-Italic language of Apulia. It has been preserved in about 600 inscriptions written in an alphabet derived from a Western Greek model and dating from the mid-6th to at least the 2nd century BC, when it went extinct following the Roman conquest of the region.[10][1][2]
- ^ a b Matzinger 2015, p. 57.
- ^ a b De Simone 2017, pp. 1839–1840.
- ^ Messapic at MultiTree on the Linguist List
- ^ Hyllested & Joseph 2022, p. 235; van Driem 2022, pp. 1055–1056; Friedman 2020, p. 388; Majer 2019, p. 258; Trumper 2018, p. 385; Trask 2019, pp. 14, 159, 210; Yntema 2017, p. 337; Mërkuri 2015, pp. 65–67; Ismajli 2015, p. 45; Demiraj 2004, pp. 58–59; Hamp 1996, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Hyllested & Joseph 2022, p. 240.
- ^ Trumper 2018, pp. 383–386; Friedman 2020, p. 388; Friedman 2011, pp. 275–291.
- ^ Marchesini 2023a, p. 10.
- ^ De Simone 2017, p. 1839.
- ^ Small 2014, p. 18.
- ^ Marchesini 2009, pp. 80, 141: "L'orizzonte cronologico più antico dell'epigrafia messapica, almeno allo stato attuale della documentazione, è da collocare quindi alla metà circa del VI secolo, stando alla cronologia dei testi più antichi di cui abbiamo parlato sopra. Più difficile è invece formulare ipotesi per quanto riguarda il limite cronologico inferiore. Per il momento l'evidenza ci mostra che non si hanno iscrizioni messapiche databili oltre il II sec. a.C."
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