Messier 18

Messier 18
Open cluster Messier 18 in Sagittarius
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Right ascension18h 19m 58.0s[1]
Declination–17° 06′ 06″[1]
Distance4.23 kly (1.296 kpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)7.5[3]
Apparent dimensions (V)9.8′[4]
Physical characteristics
Mass186+161
−86[5] M☉
Radius26.2 light-years[5]
Estimated age33×106 years[6]
Other designationsMessier 18, NGC 6613, Cr 376, OCl 40[7]
Associations
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

Messier 18 or M18, also designated NGC 6613 and sometimes known as the Black Swan Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 and included in his list of comet-like objects.[8] From the perspective of Earth, M18 is situated between the Omega Nebula (M17) and the Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (M24).[3]

This is a sparse[9] cluster with a linear diameter of 8.04 pc,[5] a tidal radius of 7.3 pc,[6] and is centrally concentrated with core radius of 0.012 pc.[10] It has a Trumpler class of II 3 p.[4] The cluster is 33[6] million years old with an estimated mass of 188 M☉.[5] It has one definite Be star and 29 B-type stars in total.[9] There are three supergiant stars, all of class A or earlier.[11] The brightest component (lucida), designated HD 168352, is a B-type giant star with a class of B2 III and a visual magnitude of 8.65.[4]

Messier 18 is 1,296 kpc[2] from the Earth and 6,830 kpc from the Galactic Center.[5] It is orbiting the Milky Way core with a period of 186.5 million years and an eccentricity of 0.02. This carries it to as close as 6.5 kpc to, and as far as 6.8 kpc from the galactic core. It passes vertically through the galactic plane once every 27.4 million years, ranging no more than 80 pc above or below.[1]

As of January 2022, Messier 18 is one of the few remaining objects within the Messier Catalog to not have been photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope. [12]

  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Wu2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference kharchenko2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Frommert2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Lindoff1971 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Joshi2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Piskunov2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference SIMBAD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Adam2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference McSwain2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Silva2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Eggenberger2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ "Explore - the Night Sky | Hubble's Messier Catalog". 28 August 2017.