Starburst galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
Chandra X-ray observatory image of the galaxy
M82 – December 2013; supernova – January 2014 (bottom)
Messier 82 photographed by amateur astrophotographer Radu Marinescu using a 10" Newtonian telescope, with a high emphasis on the Hydrogen-alpha star-burst areas.
Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034 , Cigar Galaxy or M82 ) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major . It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group , with the D25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years ).[ 1] [ 5] It is about five times more luminous than the Milky Way and its central region is about one hundred times more luminous.[ 7] The starburst activity is thought to have been triggered by interaction with neighboring galaxy M81 . As one of the closest starburst galaxies to Earth, M82 is the prototypical example of this galaxy type.[ 7] [ a] SN 2014J , a type Ia supernova , was discovered in the galaxy on 21 January 2014.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] In 2014, in studying M82, scientists discovered the brightest pulsar yet known, designated M82 X-2 .[ 11] [ 12] [ 13]
In November 2023, a gamma-ray burst was observed in M82, which was determined to have come from a magnetar , the first such event detected outside the Milky Way (and only the fourth such event ever detected).[ 14] [ 15]
^ a b c d e f g h
"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database" . Results for NGC 3034 . Retrieved 27 October 2006 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Karachentsevetal2006
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ "M 82" . SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 14 December 2018 .
^
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier; Madore; Seibert; Boselli; et al. (2007). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement . 173 (2): 185–255. arXiv :astro-ph/0606440 . Bibcode :2007ApJS..173..185G . doi :10.1086/516636 . S2CID 119085482 .
^ a b De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies . Bibcode :1991rc3..book.....D .
^ "Hubble views new supernova in Messier 82" . ESA / HUBBLE . Retrieved 12 March 2014 .
^ a b
Barker, S.; de Grijs, R.; Cerviño, M. (2008). "Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 484 (3): 711–720. arXiv :0804.1913 . Bibcode :2008A&A...484..711B . doi :10.1051/0004-6361:200809653 . S2CID 18885080 .
^ "ATel #5786: Classification of Supernova in M82 as a young, reddened Type Ia Supernova" . ATel . Retrieved 14 April 2018 .
^ "Sudden Supernova in M82 Galaxy Rips Apart The Night Sky (A Bit)" . Huffington Post . 22 January 2014.
^ Plait, Phil (22 January 2014). "KABOOM! Nearby Galaxy M82 Hosts a New Supernova!" . Slate .
^ Tillman, Nola Taylor (8 October 2014). "Shockingly Bright Dead Star with a Pulse Is an X-ray Powerhouse" . Space.com .
^ Chu, Jennifer (8 October 2014). "Researchers detect brightest pulsar ever recorded" . Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
^ "NASA's NuSTAR Telescope Discovers Shockingly Bright Dead Star" . NASA . 8 October 2014.
^ Mereghetti, Sandro; Rigoselli, Michela; Salvaterra, Ruben; Pacholski, Dominik Patryk; Rodi, James Craig; Gotz, Diego; Arrigoni, Edoardo; D'Avanzo, Paolo; Adami, Christophe; Bazzano, Angela; Bozzo, Enrico; Brivio, Riccardo; Campana, Sergio; Cappellaro, Enrico; Chenevez, Jerome; De Luise, Fiore; Ducci, Lorenzo; Esposito, Paolo; Ferrigno, Carlo; Ferro, Matteo; Israel, Gian Luca; Le Floc'h, Emeric; Martin-Carrillo, Antonio; Onori, Francesca; Rea, Nanda; Reguitti, Andrea; Savchenko, Volodymyr; Souami, Damya; Tartaglia, Leonardo; Thuillot, William; Tiengo, Andrea; Tomasella, Lina; Topinka, Martin; Turpin, Damien; Ubertini, Pietro (10 March 2024). "A magnetar giant flare in the nearby starburst galaxy M82". Astrophysics . 629 (2): 58–61. arXiv :2312.14645 . Bibcode :2024Natur.629...58M . doi :10.1038/s41586-024-07285-4 . PMID 38658757 .
^ Smith, Kiona (25 April 2024). "A Dead Star in a Nearby Galaxy Just Did Something Wild" . Inverse . Retrieved 26 April 2024 .
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